177 



CINCLUS MELANOGASTER. 



(BLACK-BELLIED DIPPER.) 



Sturnus cinclus, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 290, "Sweden" (1766). 



Sturnus cinclus, L., Nozemann, Nederl. Vog. tab. xiv. "Holland" (1770). 



Cinclus melanogaster, C. L. Brehm, Lehrb. eur. Vog. i. p. 289, " N.E. of Old World " (1823). 



1. Cinclus septentrionalis, C. L. Brehm, torn. cit. i. p. 287, "Norway, Germany in winter"' 



(1823). 

 "Cinclus aquaticus, Bechst.," Kjserb. Danm. Fugle, p. 135, "Denmark" (1852, nee Bechst.). 

 Cinclus septentrionalis, L. Brehm, Naumannia, 1856, p. 188, "Scandinavia." 

 Cinclus melanogaster, L. Brehm, torn. cit. p. 189, " coast of Riigen." 



" Cinclus aquaticus, Bechst.," Nilsson, Skand. Faun. i. p. 371, " Sweden " (1858, nee Bechst.). 

 Cinclus melanogaster, Br., Salvin, Ibis, 1867, p. 115, " Scandinavia, Denmark, Erzeroom, 



Holland, Norfolk." 

 "Cinclus aquaticus, Bechst.," Collett, Orn. of Norway, p. 7, "Norway" (1872, nee Bechst.). 



Aarpisa, Fseroese ; Fossekal, Norwegian ; Stromstare, Swedish ; Stromstcer, Bwkdrossl, 

 Vandstwr, Danish ; Quoikgarek, Lapp ; Wodianoi worobei, Russian ; Kara-Turgai, 

 Bashkir ; Wasez, Ziran ; Koshikara, Finnish. 



Figurce notabiles. 

 Kjserb. Orn. Dan. taf. xv. ; Sundevall, Sv. Fogl. taf. xi. fig. 5 ; Gould, B. of G. B. ii. pi. 42. 



6 ad. Cinclo aquatico similis, sed supra paullo saturatiore ; abdomine superiore fere omnino nigricanti-brunneo, 

 nee ferrugineo. 



Adult Male (Stockholm, 28th December) . In general appearance resembling C. aquaticus ; but the under- 

 pays are darker, and below the white breast there is no rusty red colour, the lower part of the breast 

 and abdomen being uniform blackish brown, except that the flanks are washed with slate-grey. 

 Judging from the specimens before me, the bill is rather stouter than iu C. aquaticus. Total length 

 6| inches, culmen 09, wing 3 - 7, tail 2'25, tarsus L2. 



Female. Similar to the male. 



Young. Resembles the young of C. aquaticus. 



This, the true Sturnus cinclus of Linnaeus, is the most northern of the three European Dippers, 

 and inhabits Scandinavia and Northern Russia ; and probably also this is the species that inhabits 

 the Ural, as a slightly modified form, somewhat resembling C. cashniriensis, appears to occur in 

 Asia Minor. 



It has been recorded by Mr. H. Stevenson from Norfolk, where it is, he states, the predomi- 



