179 



referred to, and in a letter just received informs me that he has had the specimen in the 

 Norwich Museum, shot at Hellesdon Mills about 1845, carefully cleaned, and has no doubt 

 that it is one of the red-breasted race, as also the one killed at Burgh, near Yarmouth, in 

 November 1816, recorded by Messrs. Paget. "Both races have occurred in Norfolk; but Cinches 

 melanogaster predominates. The specimen obtained by Mr. Bullock, above refeired to, is now 

 in Mr. J. H. Gurney's, jun., collection. A second specimen from Buxton Mills, also presented 

 by Mr. Gambling, was shot 17th March, 1869; another by the side of a pond in Fellbrig Park, 

 in April 1872, a most unusual date. Both these are Cinclus melanogaster." 



This black-breasted species likewise occurs in Ireland, as a specimen sent to me by Mr. Blake 

 Knox, the only one I possess from that country, is clearly that, and not C. ayuaticus. It has 

 occurred in the Fseroes ; and Captain Fielden writes, " Svabo mentions that it attempted to 

 nest in the northern isles. Landt records it as known chiefly by name, but received one example 

 procured near Thorshavn ; and Mr. H. C. Muller obtained it, about three years ago, also near 

 Thorshavn." In Norway Mr. Collett (op. tit.) records it as " not very numerous in West Finmark, 

 where, as in East Finmark, it occurs in the inland tracts. At the approach of winter it moves 

 towards the coast, and at that season of the year may frequently be met with on the Island of 

 Tromso." It occurs far to the north, as Messrs. F. and P. Godman observed it at Bodo, and 

 Pastor Sommerfelt states that it breeds here and there on the Varanger fiord. Professor 

 Sundevall writes (Sv. Fogl. p. 75) that in Sweden it is more numerous in the high north during 

 the summer, being comparatively rare in the south. He saw it in the Gudbrandsdal in June ; 

 and it is said to occur in Southern Dalecarlia during the summer season. Mr. Lundborg found 

 it breeding in the northern portion of Ostergothland ; and Mr. Lowenhjelm observed it near 

 Jonkoping in August. I used to see it regularly near Gefle, in portions of the river which did 

 not close during the winter season, but did not observe it there in the summer. Wheelwright 

 met with it in Quickjock, Lapland, where, he states, it "was very common in all the rivers at 

 the foot of the fells, and, if they did not remain here all the winter, must have been very early 

 spring migrants ; for we saw them when we arrived, running along the ice by the sides of the 

 waterfalls, or sitting on the snow banks, uttering their low, plaintive little song, which always 

 sounds to me like nothing but a rehearsal. It is a cheerful little bird, and, were it not for the 

 belief that it is a great enemy to the spawn of fish, must be a favourite with every northern 

 angler." In Northern Russia it is rare : it is said by our collector at Archangel, from whom 

 I have one specimen, to occur not unfrequently there ; but Mr. Meves never met with it. 

 Mr. Sabanaeff informs me that in Northern Russia it is rare, but breeds in the Governments of 

 Jaroslaf, Moscow, and Smolensk. It occurs throughout the Ural, and occasionally breeds along 

 the shores of the lakes on the edge of the Ekaterinburg and Shadrinsk districts. On the south- 

 western slope Hoffmann met with it in 62° N. lat. With us, in my opinion, it is resident, 

 though Bogdanoff doubts this being the case." I have not been able to examine a specimen 

 from Eastern Russia ; but one obtained at Erzeroom is referable to the present species, though it 

 somewhat resembles C. cashmiriensis. The present species is said to occur in Northern Germany ; 

 and at the meeting of the ornithologists of Mecklenburg (J. f. O. 1863, p. 281) it was stated 

 that in that province this species alone is met with. In Denmark it is, Kjaarbolling writes, 

 partly a resident and partly a migrant or partial migrant ; it occurs on the east coast of Jutland 



