189 



B. Uropygium white. 

 a. All the underparts white. 

 S. vittata, Ehi\ (Symb. Phys. fol. cc, 1829). A dark band from the lores to the shoulders. This is one of 

 the least-known of the Chats ; but it has been obtained in Bogos, Northern Abyssinia, Arabia, Turkestan. 

 It has lately been well figured by Salvadori (Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova, iv. tab. ii. 1873). 



b. Abdomen white, tliroat entirely black. 



S. albonigra, Hume (Stray Feathers, i. pp. 2, 185, 1872). Head entirely black; sexes alike; wing 39 

 inches. Inhabits South-eastern Persia, Baluchistan, and Sindh. 



S. picata, Blyth (J. As. Soc. Beng. xvi. p. 131, 1847). Differs from the preceding species in being smaller, 

 the wing measuring 3'25 to 35 inches; and the sexes are dissimilar, the female having the upper parts 

 brown and the underparts brownish white. It inhabits Persia, Baluchistan, and North-west India. 



S. leucomela, Pall. (Nov. Com. Petr. xiv. p. 584, 1770). Head whitish above, sexes alike; under tail-coverts 

 rufous, inner quill-webs black ; outer tail-feathers black-tipped. Inhabits Southern and South-eastern 

 Europe, Northern Africa, and Western Asia as far east as Persia. 



S. morio, Ehr. (Symb. Phys. fol. aa, 1829). Head whitish above; sexes alike; under tail-coverts white or 

 pale buff; inner quill-webs black ; outer tail-feathers black-tipped. Inhabits Eastern Europe, North- 

 eastern Africa, and Western and Central Asia, extending to North-western India. 



5. monacha, Biipp. (Temm. PI. Col. pi. 359. fig. 1, 1825). Head white above; sexes dissimilar; bill elongate ; 



outer tail-feathers white. Inhabits North-east Africa, Palestine, and Baluchistan ; probably found 

 throughout South-western Asia, in the desert region. 



c. Lower parts, except crissum, entirely black. 



6. leucura (Gm.) (Syst. Nat. i. p. 820, 1788). Head always black; general colour dull black; central rec- 



trices white at base; female sooty brown. Culmen 0'86, tarsus 1*05. Inhabits Southern Europe and 



North-western Africa. 

 S. leucopyga (Brehm) (Vogelf. p. 225, 1855). Crown in adult white; general colour jet-black; central 



rectrices white at base ; female similar to male. Inhabits Northern Africa and Palestine. 

 S. atmori, Tristram (Ibis, 1869, p. 206). Head black; general colour sooty black; central rectrices black 



throughout (distinguished from S. leucura by blacker rump and more black on the rectrices). Wing 



4*1. Inhabits Damara Land, South Africa. 

 S. opistholeuca, Strickl. (Jard. Contr. to Orn. p. 60, 1849). Similar to S. leucura, but smaller. Culmen 



- 6, tarsus 0'9. Inhabits North-western India. 



Section II. Back in the males black, shoulders white. 



S. monticola (Vieill.) (N. Diet. xxi. p. 434, 1818). Entirely black, except abdomen and shoulders. Inhabits 

 South Africa. 



S. arnotti, Tristr. (Ibis, 1869, p. 206, pi. vi.). Supercilium white; crown white and black intermixed; 

 entire underparts black. Inhabits Adam Kok's New Land, South Africa. 



S. leucomelmna, Burch. (Trav. in S. Afr. i. p. 335, note, 1822). Crown grey; rump, upper and under tail- 

 coverts, base of rectrices, and abdomen white. Inhabits South Africa, Damara Land. 



S. griseiceps, Blanf. & Dresser (P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 217, 233, pi. xxxvii. fig. 3). Head and nape ashy grey, 

 otherwise not unlike the preceding species. Inhabits South Africa, Colesburg, Natal, and Transvaal. 



Section III. Back in the males cinereous. 



S. cenanthe (L.) (Syst. Nat. i. p. 332, 1766). A black mark through the eye; underparts whitish; wings 

 black ; sexes dissimilar. Inhabits Europe, Africa north of the equator, Siberia and Northern China, 



