190 



North-western America, Eastern North America, and Greenland. Is fully treated of below in the 

 present article. 



S. cinerea (Vieill.) (N. Diet. xxi. p. 437, nee p. 418, 1818) . No black mark through the eye ; throat and 

 breast pale cinereous; rump and outer edges of all tail-feathers, except central pair, white; second 

 primary emarginate at tip. Inhabits South Africa. 



S. pollux, Hartl. (P. Z. S. 1865, p. 747). No black mark through the eye; throat and breast cinereous; 

 rump similarly coloured to the back ; external edges of outer rectrices white ; second primary emargi- 

 nate at tip. Inhabits South Africa. Is figured P. Z. S. 1874, pi. xxxviii. fig. 1. 



S. castor, Hartl. (P. Z. S. 1865, p. 747). No black mark through the eye ; underparts cinereous throughout ; 

 rump and basal portion of tail-feathers, except the two central pairs, white ; second primary not emargi- 

 nate at tip. Inhabits South Africa, Colesburg, Eland's Post. Is figured P. Z. S. 1874, pi. xxxviii. fig. 2. 



S. diluta, Blanf. & Dresser (P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 217, 234, pi. xxxix. fig. 1). No black mark through the eye; 

 upper parts to the rump pale cinereous ; rump and basal portion of all tail-feathers, except central pair, 

 white; shoulders white or whitish ; second primary not emargiuate. Inhabits South Africa, Damara 

 Land. 



Section IV. Back in the males neither black nor cinereous. 



A. Interscapulary region in adult white in breeding-plumage ; rufescent or greyish in winter ; wings 



blackish ; sexes dissimilar. 



a. Underparts white in breeding-plumage. 

 S. stapazina (L.) (Syst. Nat. i. p. 331, 1766). A black band through the eye; throat white. Inhabits 

 Southern Europe, Asia Minor, Persia, and Northern Africa. 



b. Throat black. 



S. rufa (Brelnn) (Vog. Dcutschl. p. 406, 1831). Black on the throat not extending far down the throat; 

 upper parts white in summer, rufescent in winter. Inhabits South-western Europe, North-western 

 Africa, occasionally straggling to Egypt and the Levant. 



>'. melanoleuca (Giild.) (Nov. Com. Petr. xix. p. 468, pi. 15, 1775). Black on the throat extending very far 

 down, to the top of the breast; upper parts white in summer, rufescent in winter. Inhabits South- 

 eastern Europe, North-eastern Africa, Asia Minor, Persia, and Yarkand. 



S. erythraa, Ehr. (Symb. Phys. fol. cc, 1829) . Black extending to the upper breast, and joining that colour 

 on the flanks ; upper parts white in summer, greyish in winter. Inhabits Algeria, Egypt, Palestine, 

 Syria, Arabia, and Persia. 



B. Feathers on the interscapulary region intermixed black and rufescent ; wings black. 



S. hifasciata, Temm. (PI. Col. 472. fig. 2, 1825). Brown; throat and upper breast black; supercilium, 

 lower breast, and abdomen rufous ; tail entirely black. Inhabits South Africa. 



C. Interscapulary region similarly coloured to wing-coverts. 

 a. Throat black. 

 .S'. deserti, Riipp. (Temm. PI. Col. 359. fig. 2, 1825). Upper parts sandy brown; lower parts from breast 

 rufescent white ; terminal half of outer tail-feathers black: tail-coverts whitish. Inhabits South-eastern 

 Russia, Southern and Central Asia as far east as Central India and Yarkand, Northern and North- 

 eastern Africa. 

 S. xanlhoprymna, Ehr. (Symb. Phys. fol. dd, 1829). Upper parts cinereous brown; lower parts from breast 

 whitish ; tips of outer tail-feathers alone black ; tail-coverts ferruginous. Inhabits North-east Africa 

 and Arabia Petraea. Is figured in the present work under the name of the Red-rumped Chat. 



