19 



b. Throat white ; breast and crown black. 

 S. pileata (Gm.) (Syst. Nat. i. p. 965, 1788). Back reddish brown; rump ferruginous; abdomen whitish. 

 Inhabits South Africa generally. Is figured in Levaillant's Ois. d'Afr. pis. 181, 182. 



c. No black on underparts. 

 S. albicans, Wahlb. (OEfv. K. Vet. Ak. Forh. 1855, p. 213). General colour pale isabelline grey above, white 

 below ; tail-coverts and base of all the tail-feathers white ; second primary not emarginate at the tip. 

 Inhabits Damara Land. This species closely resembles S. schlegeli, but may be distinguished by being 

 paler in colour, by having the entire basal portion of the tail white, and by having the first long primary 

 emarginate at the tip. 



5. schlegeli, Wahlb. (Qilfv. K. Vet. Ak. Forh. 1855, p. 213). General colour pale isabelline grey above, white 



below ; outer edges of external rectrices white ; rump white ; second primary emarginate at the tip. 

 Inhabits Damara Land, South Africa. Is figured P. Z. S. 1874, pi. xxxix. fig. 2. 

 <S. isabellina, Riipp. (Atlas, p. 52, 1826). Sandy brown above, isabelline below; tail-coverts and base of 

 outer tail-feathers white. Inhabits South-eastern Europe, Eastern and North-eastern Africa, and 

 "Western Asia as far east as North-western India. 



6. bottce, Bonap. (Compt. Rend. 1854, p. 7) . Dull dark brown above ; throat white ; breast and abdomen 



ferruginous ; base of outer tail-feathers white. Wing 3"7. Inhabits the highlands of Abyssinia, Sennaar, 

 and probably Nubia. Is figured P. Z. S. 1874, pi. xxxvi. fig. 1. 



S. heuglini, Finsch & Hartl. (Vog. N.O.-Afr. p. 259, 1870). Dark brown above; throat white; breast and 

 abdomen ferruginous; base of outer tail-feathers white. Wing 3 - 35. Inhabits the highlands of Abys- 

 sinia. This species resembles the preceding, but is much smaller in size. 



S. chrysopygia, De Fil. (Ann. Zool. Genov. ii. p. 381, 1863). Hair-brown above, brownish white below; 

 tail-coverts rufous ; base of outer rectrices ferruginous ; first long primary not emarginate. Inhabits 

 Persia, Baluchistan, North-western India. 



S. galtoni (Strickl.) (Jard. Contrib. 1852, p. 147). Upper parts dark brown, lower parts pale brown; 

 tail-coverts and base of outer rectrices ferruginous; first long primary not emarginate. Inhabits 

 South Africa. 



S. sinuata, Sundevall (K. Vet. Ak. Forh. ii. no. 3. p. 44, note, 1857). Upper parts brown, lower parts 

 ashy brown ; ramp and extreme basal portion of rectrices rufous ; first long primary very deeply emar- 

 ginate near the tip. Inhabits South Africa. 



All the Chats which occur in the Western Pala?arctic Region are fully described and figured in the present 

 work ; and for fuller details respecting the other species, I may refer my readers to the article by Mr. Blanford 

 and myself (P. Z. S. 1874, pp. 215-241) on the genus Saxicola. 



Of all the Chats the present species has probably the most extensive range, being found through- 

 out the entire Western Palsearctic Region, from Greenland down into Africa, and eastward 

 through Siberia to Northern China ; and it also occurs in Eastern North America and Behring's 

 Straits. In Great Britain it is common, but locally distributed, throughout the United Kingdom, 

 arriving late in February or early in March, and leaving again in September, some few stragglers 

 occasionally remaining somewhat later. It is found in almost every part of England and Ireland 

 where the nature of the country is suitable. On the west coast of England it is in parts rare ; 

 and Mr. Cecil Smith informs me that they seldom visit Taunton, in Somersetshire. During the 

 seasons of migration it is most numerous on the large downs in the south of England, and breeds 

 in abundance in some parts, especially where limestone is found. Speaking of its range in 



2x 



