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range than the Stone-Chat ; for in Scandinavia it is to be met with in the Arctic Circle, during the 

 breeding-season more common even in the north than in the southern districts of the peninsula. 

 Mr. R, Collett informs me that he met with it in Norway, in June 1872, in the valley of the 

 Maalselv, near Tromso, in 69£° N. lat., where it was tolerably common. I have observed it in 

 various parts of Sweden, in which country Professor Sundevall records it (Sv. Fogl. p. 55) as 

 " common up into Lapland, though more numerous iu the north than in the south, not, how- 

 ever, passing above the conifer region." In Finland it likewise occurs up into the Arctic circle. 

 Mr. Meves records it as common in Southern Russia; and it is, Mr. Sabanaeff informs me, 

 common in Northern and Central Russia, as also in the portions of the Ural visited by him. 

 Mr. Taczanowski likewise remarks, in writing to me respecting the ornithology of Poland, that 

 the present species is common there. To the westward of that country, however, in North- 

 eastern Germany, it is by no means so common. Meyer refers to it as occurring in Livonia, 

 where it is a migrant. 



Borggreve states that Von Negelein found it breeding in Oldenburg. Between the Elbe and 

 the Weser both this species and P. rubicola are found ; but on the right side of the Elbe it alone 

 is found. In the western portion of North Germany it is common ; and Dr. E. Rey records it as 

 found breeding in Saxony. In Southern Germany it is tolerably common. Seidensacher states 

 that it occurs in Styria only during migration; and Dr. A. Fritsch (J. f. O. 1871, p. 199) records 

 it as common in Bohemia, especially near Prague. Count Casimir Wodzicki (J. f. O. 1853, 

 p. 43G) states that, though numerous in the lowlands, it is rare in the Carpathian Mountains, 

 and but few breed there. Returning northward, again, we find it tolerably common in Denmark, 

 Holland, and Belgium during the summer season, arriving late in April and leaving in October ; 

 and Degland and Gerbe state the same with regard to its occurrence in the north of France ; but 

 they record its arrival as taking place as early as March. It occurs in Portugal, but appears to 

 be rare, as Dr. E. Rey states (J. f. O. 1872, p. 147) that when at Algarve he only saw a single 

 pair. Mr. Howard Saunders informs me that in Spain it appears to be a mere visitor on 

 migration, and the east coast from Valencia upwards is the only part where he found it at all 

 abundant even then ; indeed, in the south-west he does not recollect it at all, although the Stone- 

 Chat is very common there. He has a specimen from Tangiers. Major Irby also writes to me, 

 " the Whin-Chat is only observed in the vicinity of Gibraltar on passage, and is then seen in 

 great numbers ; my earliest date of seeing them was on the 7th of April ; on the 12th and on 

 the 20th many hundreds passed ; they return during September. I never detected any remaining 

 to nest." Mr. A. von Homeyer (J. f. O. 1802, p. 270) met with it numerous during the season 

 of migration, between the 15th and the 30th of April, on the Balearic Islands, but says that 

 only a few remain there to breed. Passing eastward, again, we find it in Southern France and 

 in Savoy, in which latter country it is, Bailly writes, one of the most numerous of the Chats, 

 arriving about the 25th or the 30th of March, and leaving about the middle of September, some 

 few occasionally remaining till about the 10th of October. Bettoni records it as breeding in 

 Lombardy ; but Savi states that in Tuscany it occurs only at the two seasons of migration, and 

 does not breed there. Count Salvadori says that it remains in Italy in the autumn until 

 October; and Professor Doderlein writes that, though as a rule a migrant in Sicily, a few 

 remain to breed in the more elevated portions of the island. Mr. C. A. Wright records it from 



