288 



Passing eastward, I find it recorded by Bailly as " abundant in Savoy, being the first to arrive 

 and the last to leave" — by Bettoni as numerous in Lombardy during the summer, but only a few 

 winter there — and by Savi as resident in Tuscany, frequenting the plains during the winter, but 

 retiring to the mountains during the hot season. Count Salvadori confirms the above statements, 

 and savs that in Northern Italy he has found it migratory, but in the central and southern 

 districts resident and, as stated by Savi, frequenting the plains in the winter and the hills in the 

 summer. Professor Doderlein writes that "in Sicily it is very abundant, and partially resident 

 throughout the year, frequenting the higher ground in the breeding-season, and descending to 

 the warmer and moister portions of the coast in winter." It is found in Malta, where, Mr. C. A. 

 Wright writes, it " arrives in spring and autumn, but is rather more common than the Whin-Chat. 

 The Stone-Chat passes the winter with us, which none of its congeners does. Indeed one can 

 scarcely move about any where in the country in winter without seeing his lively little figure." 

 Lord Lilford (Ibis, 1860, p. 140) records it as common in summer, and occasionally observed by 

 him in winter, in Corfu and Epirus; and Lindermayer (Vog. Griechenl. p. 109) states that it is 

 resident in Greece, frequenting the mountains in the northern portions of the country in the 

 summer, migrating to the southern districts during the winter. Mr. H. Seebohm, who was 

 collecting in Greece last year, informs me that " in the winter it frequents the valleys, and in the 

 breeding-season follows the peasants into the mountains. In the pine-region of the Parnassus 

 I found it very abundant. I obtained eggs of this bird on the north-west spur of the Parnassus 

 in the first week of May." 



In Southern Germany it is more numerous than in the north. Dr. Fritsch states that it 

 occurs throughout Bohemia, and has been found breeding near Prague; and the Ritter von 

 Tschusi-Schmidhofen writes to me: — "according to Hanf, it is only met with in Styria during 

 migration ; but Seidensacher found it breeding near Cilli, near where it also wintered in 1862-63. 

 In Austria it is rare, and found only singly. I observed one in a garden near the Danube." It 

 occurs in Turkey, where, according to Messrs. Elwes and Buckley, it is not uncommon; and 

 Professor von Nordmann found it nesting here and there amongst the valleys of the Crimean 

 steppes and in the plains of Abasia ; Menetries (Cat. Rais. p. 32) refers to it as being common in 

 the Caucasus, where he found it at an altitude of 4000 feet. Strickland obtained it at Smyrna 

 during the winter; and Canon Tristram writes (Ibis, 1867, p. 97) that he found it in Palestine 

 " extremely abundant in every part of the country, from the Mediterranean shores to the Dead 

 Sea, in winter; but it took its departure in the beginning of March, not remaining even in the 

 highlands of Lebanon." It was also observed by Mr. G. C. Taylor in Crete. 



It occurs in Northern Africa, being, according to Captain Shelley (B. of Egypt, p. 81), " very 

 plentiful in Lower Egypt, though comparatively scarce in other parts of the country;" and Von 

 Ileuglin (Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 339) states that it arrives in August, leaving again in April. It 

 occurs in Algeria and Morocco, and is recorded by Mr. O. Salvin as by no means uncommon in 

 the Eastern Atlas. Canon Tristram speaks of it as common in the oases of Algeria during the 

 winter; and Major Loche writes that it is abundant in Northern Algeria, but not so in the 

 southern districts. According to Swainson it occurs at Senegal ; and Professor Barboza du Bocage 

 obtained it from one of the Portuguese settlements on the west coast. According to Mr. E. 

 DuCane Godman, " Webb and Berthelot met with this bird at Mercedes, in Teneriffe, where, 



