2cS0 



with this species on the Balearic Isles, always near the mountains ; and as he observed them late 

 in April and also late in May, he surmises that it remains there to breed. 



Passing eastward, again, I find that in Savoy and Italy it arrives in April and leaves in 

 October, selecting the higher districts for the purpose of nidification. In Sicily, according to 

 Professor Doderlein, it is principally met with during the seasons of migration, though a few 

 pairs remain to breed. In Sardinia, according to the same author, it is very abundant. Mr. C. A. 

 Wright includes it in his list of the birds of Malta and Gozo (Ibis, 1864, p. 66) as common in 

 spring and autumn, and staying there several weeks during its migrations. Lord Lilford observed 

 it in the Ionian Islands, where, he writes (Ibis, I860, p. 228), it arrives in March in small 

 numbers, remaining only a few days ; but both Von der Muhle and Lindermayer agree in stating 

 that it is common in all the provinces of Greece, and remains to breed in the northern portion 

 of that country. In Southern Germany it is common during the summer, and remains there to 

 breed. Dr. A. Fritsch writes (J. f. O. 1871, p. 198) that it arrives in Bohemia in April and 

 leaves in September; the Ritter von Tschusi Schmidhofen met with it in the Riesen-Gebirge, 

 near the Tannenstein. Captain Clark-Kennedy informs me that he found it extremely abundant 

 in the Tyrol, and in various parts of Bavaria, in the autumn of 1868. It occurs all along the 

 Danube ; and I met with it in Hungary, Wallachia, and Servia, and have specimens obtained by 

 Mr. Robson near Constantinople. Professor von Nordmann records it as found about gardens in 

 Southern Russia in spring and summer, but, owing probably to the absence of old trees, only a 

 few individuals remain to breed. During the hot season it is numerous in the Crimea and all 

 along the eastern shores of the Black Sea. Menetries (Cat. Rais. p. 35) states that it is common 

 in the woods of the Caucasus, especially those near Lenkoran. Canon Tristram records it from 

 Palestine (Ibis, 1867, p. 87) as being "strictly a summer migrant, arriving simultaneously all 

 over the country about the 12th of March, but only in the more wooded localities and the 

 neighbourhood of gardens." Mr. Wyatt observed it on the peninsula of Sinai ; and Hemprich 

 and Ehrenberg obtained specimens in Arabia. In Egypt it occurs during the seasons of migra- 

 tion, and, according to Captain Shelley (B. of Eg. p. 82), " it arrives about the middle of March, 

 when it becomes plentiful both in Egypt and Nubia. A few individuals possibly winter in the 

 country ; for I once obtained a specimen in the beginning of February. It may generally be 

 found frequenting rows of sont trees, where it chooses some prominent bough ; but if alarmed, 

 it takes refuge at once among the foliage, or flits on before the intruder from tree to tree, 

 resting on some shady bough a few feet ■ from the ground. The Redstart passes southward 

 again about September." Captain Clark-Kennedy informs me that he met with it in Nubia at 

 the end of March, and that it was especially common amongst the ruined temples on the island 

 of Philae and in the outskirts of Assouan. It appears to winter on the White Nile and in 

 Abyssinia, in which latter country Mr. W. Jesse found it " common about Senafe and down the 

 Sooroo Pass on the 25th of April." In North-western Africa it is said by Loche and Malherbe 

 to occur in Algeria during migration, though not in great numbers ; and Mr. Taczanowski 

 records it as but rare in the elevated portions of Algeria. Mr. O. Salvin (Ibis, 1859, p. 308) 

 met with it near El Djem, in the south of the Regency of Tunis, at the end of February ; and 

 Mr. Chambers Hodgetts shot it in Tripoli. Dr. Hartlaub (Orn. W. Afr. p. 68) records it as 



