330 



fronte, gula cum capitis lateribus usque ad oculos, jugulo et pectore superiore fulvescenti-rubris, qui 

 color in colli lateribus cserulescenti-cinereo cingitur : pectore imo et abdomine albidis : hypochondriis 

 et crisso olivaceo adumbratis : rostro nigricanti-brunneo : pedibus griseo-fuscis : iride fusca. 



$ ad. haud a mare distiuguenda. 



Juv. corpore supra olivaceo, pennis singulis flavicante maculatis et nigricaute fusco termiuatis : pileo ochraceo 

 lavato : remigibus et rectricibus ut in adulto, sed latius olivaceo rnarginatis, secundariis fulvido apicatis : 

 corpore subtiis sordide albido, nigricante fusco notato, pectore et hypochondriis flavicante ochraceo 

 lavatis. 



Adult Male (Hampstead, June). Upper parts generally olive-brown, rather brighter in colour on the rump ; 

 quills dark brown, narrowly margined on the outer web with olive ; tail-feathers dark brown, more 

 broadly margined towards the base and very narrowly towards the tip with bright olive ; forehead, loral 

 space, and entire throat and breast rich orange-red ; sides of the neck, between the red of the breast 

 and the olive of the upper parts, slate-blue, this colour extending as far down the breast as does the 

 red ; abdomen white ; flanks and vent washed with olive-brown ; bill dark brown, lighter at the base ; 

 legs brown ; iris very dark brown. Total length 52 inches, culmen - 55, wing 2 - 9, tail 2 - 5, tarsus l - 0. 



Young (Aboyne, Scotland, 23rd September) . Upper parts dull sandy brown, on the head with a yellowish 

 tinge, on the back washed with olive ; feathers on the head, back, and wing-coverts broadly tipped with 

 blackish brown, giving a spotted appearance ; quills as in the adult, but the secondaries have fulvous 

 tips ; tail as in the adult ; underparts dirty white, on the breast and flanks washed with yellowish brown, 

 and marked with blackish brown ; bill and legs rather paler than in the adult. 



The Redbreast or, as it is more frequently called, the Robin, is a common species throughout 

 Europe, inhabiting during the summer season even the northern countries up to 67° N. lat, but 

 migrating southward at the approach of winter, a few remaining in Central and the northern 

 portion of Central Europe during tolerably mild winters. With us in Great Britain it is, 

 however, chiefly, though not exclusively, a resident; for, although from its habit of frecpienting 

 the neighbourhood of human habitations during the winter, it appears numerous at all times 

 of the year, still accurate observers record a considerable variation in its numbers according to 

 the season of the year. It is common, and generally dispersed over the British Islands, and 

 breeds as far north as the Orkneys, but has not been met with breeding in the Shetlands. 

 Formerly it was exceedingly rare in the Hebrides, but has lately been more often met with 

 in those islands. Mr. Robert Gray writes (B. of W. of Scotl. p. 82) that " when the late 

 Mr. John Macgillivray wrote his account of the birds of the Hebrides, he was able to mention 

 but one locality in these islands for this familiar bird, namely — Rhodil in Harris. Since that 

 time, however, it has been found in various other places. On the west side of North Uist it is 

 frequently seen at Paible and in one or two other localities. It is likewise now a common bird 

 in some parts of Lewis, especially in the town of Stornoway and its attractive vicinity, where it 

 may be seen as numerously, perhaps, as in the most fertile districts of Scotland." 



In Ireland, as in England, it is common throughout the country at all seasons of the year. 

 According to Mr. H. C. Midler it occurs not unfrequently in the Faeroes in the autumn, and in 

 1856 they remained till February. Mr. R. Collett states that it occurs in Norway, breeding even 



