365 



philomela ; for in North Germany it is stated by Borggreve to be wanting on the coast, and not 

 occurring in the portion of Pomerania which lies north of the river Peene, nor does it reach so 

 far east as Dantzig. In the other portions of North Germany, and especially in Mecklenburg, it 

 is commonly distributed throughout the summer in suitable localities. As regards its recorded 

 occurrence in Denmark, Mr. Benzon writes to me as follows : — " The Southern Nightingale is a 

 very rare visitant to Denmark, and has no special Danish name. I do not know of any specific 

 instance of its occurrence ; and, excepting the statement that Mr. Scheel, who is a careful observer, 

 met with it on Moen, I cannot but consider that the data respecting its occurrence given by 

 Kjserbolling are erroneous, and based on a mistake between it and Daulias philomela" In 

 Holland, Belgium, and France it is generally distributed in the summer, arriving in April and 

 leaving in September; and Professor Barboza du Bocage speaks of it as being numerous in 

 Portugal. It is a summer visitant to Spain, arriving, according to Colonel Irby, at Gibraltar 

 about the 12th April; and after remaining about ten days or a fortnight they pass on — though 

 they have occasionally been known to nest there, as in 1871. Mr. A. von Homeyer met with it 

 in the Balearic Isles, where, however, he says it does not remain, but passes northward to breed. 

 Salvadori says that it is common in Italy from May to October, and it visits Sicily on passage ; 

 but, according to Doderlein, comparatively few pairs remain there to breed. Mr. C. Bygrave 

 Wharton points out to me that it arrived in Corsica on the 16th April, not on the 16th March 

 as stated in error in his article in ' The Ibis ' for January this year ; and Mr. C. A. Wright says 

 (Ibis, 1864, p. 66) that it visits Malta in flocks in April and May, and again towards the middle 

 of August or in September. Lord Lilford writes of it (Ibis, 1860, p. 230): — "Very common in 

 Corfu and all parts of the mainland that I have visited during the summer ; at Delvino especially, 

 in May 1857, we could hardly sleep for the multitude of Nightingales that were singing on the 

 banks of a little stream that ran under the windows of the house in which we lodged." Dr. 

 Kriiper says that it is not rare in Greece in bush-covered and well-watered localities, and occurs 

 also in the Cyclades. In Acarnania it arrived on the 27th March in 1859, and on the 4th April 

 in 1860 ; on the Parnassus on the 15th April in 1865, and on the 15th April in 1866 ; in Attica 

 on the 29th March in 1867, on the loth April in 1873, and on the 6th April in 1874; at 

 Thessalonica on the 8th April in 1869; and on Olympus on the 12th April in 1870. It has 

 eggs early in May, and leaves in August, none remaining over winter. Erhard says that it is a 

 migrant on the Cyclades, but it breeds on Naxos. Drummond-Hay says that it is common and 

 breeds in Crete. 



In Southern Germany it is rapidly decreasing in numbers, owing to the persecution it suffers 

 from the bird-catchers, and is said to be completely extirpated near some of the Bavarian towns. 

 It is, Dr. Fritsch states, rare in Southern Bohemia, and has entirely disappeared from the vicinity 

 of Frauenburg since 1861; but it still breeds numerously near Prague, and is very common along 

 the Elbe, near Brandeis and Elbekosteletz, as also in the vicinty of Laun. E. Seidensacher 

 informed me that a few breed in Styria, near Store and Pollulle. It arrives there about the 

 middle of April. It is generally distributed throughout Austria; and Messrs. Danford and 

 Harvie-Brown state that it is common in Transylvania, arriving in xipril and leaving in Sep- 

 tember. Professor von Nordmann speaks of it as being abundant in Southern Russia from the 

 spring to the autumn, and says that those of the Government of Pultava are reputed to be far 



