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tolerably common spring and autumn migrant in Northumberland and Durham ; and, according 

 to Mr. Robert Gray (B. of W. of Scotl. p. 98), " this Warbler appears to be very local in most 

 parts of Scotland. It is not uncommon in roadside plantations near Glasgow ; and a few also 

 visit the district of Loch Lomond. Deeside and Braemar are localities mentioned by the late 

 Dr. Macgillivray in his ' Natural History of Deeside,' which was printed by command of the 

 Queen ; but in that district it appears to be rare. According to Dr. Turnbull it is also rare in 

 East Lothian. Mr. Anderson has procured specimens at Girvan, in Ayrshire ; and Mr. Brown 

 informs me that it breeds in Dunmore grounds, Stirlingshire, and that he had seen its nest, 

 taken in 1866 by Mr. Thompson, who believes that it nests there regularly. Writing from 

 Aberdeenshire, Mr. Angus states that on the 8th of May, 1865, he received a Chiffchaff, very 

 much destroyed by shot, from Birse, Deeside, and that in May of the year following he observed 

 this species near Aboyne Castle. He noticed it again in June 1867 at Ward House. The 

 species has, according to Mr. Shearer, been seen for two successive seasons near Wick, in 

 Caithness-shire. In the Outer Hebrides the ChifFchaff frequents Rhodil, in Harris, as I have 

 been informed by Mr. Elwes, who procured a specimen there in May 1868. A manuscript note 

 in Baikie and Heddle's work mentions the occurrence of a single specimen in Orkney in 1850 ; 

 and Dr. Saxby also includes the species as rare in his Shetland lands. One was seen by that 

 excellent observer in 1864 so late as the 21st of November." 



In Ireland, Thompson remarks, the ChifFchaff is a regular summer visitant to certain localities 

 from south to north, but differs from the Willow- Wren in being very partially, instead of generally, 

 distributed, this remark applying not only to the island at large, but to limited districts. 



It has not been met with in Iceland or the Faeroes ; but in Norway it is a summer resident 

 up to Helgeland, being, Mr. Collett informs me, abundant throughout the northern portions of 

 Trondhjems Amt. In June 1871 he met with it on the Bindalsfjord, in Helgeland, in 65° 10' 

 N. lat., above which it has not been known to occur. Sundevall writes that in Sweden it is not 

 met with in Lapland proper, and does not pass beyond the fir-growth, but occurs in Skellefteii 

 and at Lycksele. From here it is common some distance to the south ; but at Upsala and 

 Stockholm and south of those places it only occurs in the autumn, during migration, being 

 generally seen at Stockholm late in September, and in Skane in October and November. I often 

 met with the Chiffchaff when in Finland, where it is most generally to be seen in the northern 

 and central districts. How far north it ranges in Russia I cannot definitely say, but probably 

 to a high latitude, though its range does not extend so far as that of the Willow- Wren. 

 Mr. Sabanaeff informs me that it is common in Central Russia, especially in the Jaroslaf 

 Government, and he found it generally distributed throughout the Ural up to Bogosloffsk, 

 though more numerous on the south-western than on the south-eastern slopes. Mr. Jacovleff 

 says that it is abundant at Astrachan ; but Mr. Artzibascheff does not include the ChifFchaff 

 in his list. In Poland, according to Mr. Taczanowski, it is very common from April to the 

 latter portion of September ; and Meyer states that it is not rare in the fir-woods of Livonia in 

 the summer. Throughout the whole of North Germany it is generally distributed during 

 the breeding-season, and is, as Mr. Schalow remarks, more numerous than it used formerly 

 to be in that portion of Europe. Borggreve says that it arrives as early as the end of March 

 and is amongst the hardiest of the Warblers ; and Mr. Collin writes that it is one of the first of 



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