4 • INTRODUCTION 



Most of the Anopluran material on which this paper is based was derived 

 from this arrangement; but other material already in the hands of the 

 senior author, obtained at various times from mammals taken in Cali- 

 fornia and elsewhere, and certain specimens loaned by Professor Osborn 

 of the Ohio State University and by Mr. Bruce Cummings of the British 

 Museum (Natural History), are included in this paper. 



The total Anopluran material on hand includes twenty-two species 

 and two varieties, of which eight species and both varieties are new, and 

 are described herewith. One of these varieties has up to now been con- 

 sidered and listed as a species originally described from European hosts. 

 Only twenty- four species of Anoplura have been hitherto recorded from 

 North American mammals, of which nine are peculiar to North Ameri- 

 can hosts (as so far known), and fifteen are species originally described 

 from European hosts, or hosts common to both Europe and America. 

 Our list of twenty-two includes fourteen of the twenty-four kinds here- 

 tofore listed from North America. The total number of Anopluran 

 species now recorded (including the records in this paper) from North 

 American mammals, is thirty-four species and two varieties. 



The total Mallophagan material on hand includes eighteen species, 

 of which one species is new. Twenty-seven species have so far been re- 

 corded from North America, of which nine occur on domesticated hosts. 



The determination of the hosts of the Calif ornian specimens of Ano- 

 plura taken by the junior author in 191 3 were made by the wholly com- 

 petent authorities of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology of the University 

 of California, and may be implicitly relied on. Great care was taken by 

 the naturalists of the collecting expedition and by the junior author to 

 prevent straggling of the parasites of the collected specimens, and the at- 

 tributions of parasites to particular host can be confidently accepted. 



We desire to express our obligations to Professor Herbert Osborn 

 and to Mr. Bruce Cummings for permission to examine important ma- 

 terial kindly sent to California at our request. 



The types of all new species described herewith are in the collection 

 of the Entomological Laboratory of Stanford University, California. 



