Vol. VI] FERRIS— ANOPLURA 131 



dition, the authorities of the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology 

 of the University of California have been extremely kind in 

 helping to clear up numerous matters. The synonymy of the 

 European mammals has been worked out from the "Catalogue 

 of the Mammals of Europe" (Miller, 1912). The synonymy 

 of the Primates has been taken from Elliot's "A Review of the 

 Primates" (1912), but it is very probably still far from cor- 

 rect. The synonymy of other species, when not obtainable 

 elsewhere, has been reduced to the basis of Trouessart's "Cata- 

 logus Mammalium" (1899), although it has been necessary to 

 do this only in the case of some of the older species. The host 

 names given in the list of Anoplura are as nearly as can be 

 determined the correct ones. In the host list the names in 

 parentheses are regarded as synonyms, the others are correct 

 as far as available information permits. An attempt has been 

 made to list all the host names that have at any time been used. 



SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE ANOPLURA 



Anoplura Leach, Edinburgh Encyclopedia (1817) ; Ender- 

 lein, Zool. Anz., vol. 28, pp. 121-147 (1904); Mjoberg, Ark. 

 f. Zool., vol. 6, pt. 13 (1910); Cummings, An. Mag. Nat. 

 Hist, ser. 8, vol. 15, pp. 256-259 (1915). 



Pediculince Burmeister, Handbuch d. Ent., vol. 2, p. 52 

 (1835). 



Siphunculata Meinert, Videnskabelige Meddelelser (1896) ; 

 Cholodkovsky, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, p. 527 (1904). 



Pseudorhyncota Cholodkovsky, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, p. 125 

 (1903). 



Lipognatha Borner, Zool. Anz., vol. 27, p. 527 (1904). 



Ellipoptera Shipley, ibid., vol. 27, p. 261 (1904). 



The systematic position of the Anoplura has always been 

 a matter of doubt and dispute. Because of their parasitic 

 habits they were for a long time classed with the Mallophaga, 

 but later under the influence of the "biting- or sucking-mouth- 

 parts" fetish, the two groups were separated and the Anoplura 

 were placed with the Hemiptera, of which they have for some 

 time been regarded as a suborder most frequently known as 

 Parasita. Their position here has quite generally been re- 



