1858-59.] THE ZAMBESI. 247 



the more salient points, in connection with the oppor- 

 tunities it afforded for the achievement of his object and 

 the development of his character. It may be well to 

 note here generally how the years were occupied. The 

 remainder of 1858 was employed in exploring the mouths 

 of the Zambesi, and the river itself up to Tette and the 

 Kebrabasa Rapids, a few miles beyond. Next year — 1859 

 — was devoted mainly to three successive trips on the river 

 Shire, the third being signalised by the discovery of 

 Lake Nyassa. In 1860, Livingstone went back with his 

 Makololo up the Zambesi to the territories of Sekeletu. 

 In 1861, after exploring the river Rovuma, and assisting 

 Bishop Mackenzie to begin the Universities' Mission, he 

 started for Lake Nyassa, returning to the ship towards 

 the end of the year. In 1862 occurred the death of the 

 Bishop and other missionaries, and also, during a deten- 

 tion at Shupanga, the death of Mrs. Livingstone : in the 

 latter part of the year Livingstone again explored the 

 Rovuma. In 1863 he was again exploring the Shire 

 valley and Lake Nyassa, when an order came from Her 

 Majesty's Government, recalling the Expedition. In 1864 

 he started in the " Lady Nyassa " for Bombay, and thence 

 returned to England. 



On the 1st May 1858 the " Pearl" sailed from Simon's 

 Bay, and on the 14th stood in for the entrance to the 

 Zambesi, called the West Luabo, or Hoskins' Branch. Of 

 their progress Dr. Livingstone gives his impressions in 

 the following letter to his friend Mr. James Young : — 



"'Pearl,' 10th May 1858. 

 "Here we are, off Cape Corrientes ('Whaur's that, I wonnerT), 

 and hope to be off the Luabo four clays hence. We have been most 

 remarkably favoured in the weather, and it is well, for had our ship 

 been in a gale with all this weight on her deck, it would have been 

 perilous. Mrs. Livingstone was sea-sick all the way from Sierra 

 Leone, and got as thin as a lath. As this was accompanied by fever 

 I was forced to run into Table Bay, and when I got ashore I found 

 her father and mother down all the way from Kuruman to see us and 

 help the young missionaries, whom the London Missionary Society 



