1862-63.] LAST TWO YEARS OF THE EXPEDITION. 311 



same village no fewer than twenty drums had been 

 collected, probably the ferryman's fees. Many had ended 

 their misery under shady trees, others under projecting 

 crags in the hills, while others lay in their huts with 

 closed doors, which when opened disclosed the mouldering 

 corpse with the poor rags round the loins, the skull 

 fallen off the pillow, the little skeleton of the child, that 

 had perished first, rolled up in a mat between two large 

 skeletons. The sight of this desert, but eighteen months 

 ago a well -peopled valley, now literally strewn with 

 human bones, forced the conviction upon us that the 

 destruction of human life in the middle passage, however 

 great, constitutes but a small portion of the waste, and 

 made us feel that unless the slave-trade — that monster 

 iniquity which has so long brooded over Africa — is put 

 down, lawful commerce cannot be established." 



In passing up, Livingstone's heart was saddened as he 

 visited the Bishop's grave, and still more by the tidings 

 which he got of the Mission, which had now removed 

 from Magomero to the low lands of Chibisa. Some time 

 before, Mr. Scudamore, a man greatly beloved, had suc- 

 cumbed, and now Mr. Dickenson was added to the 

 number of victims. Mr. Thornton, too, who left the Expe- 

 dition in 1859, but returned to it, died under an attack 

 of fever, consequent on too violent exertion undertaken 

 in order to be of service to the Mission party. Dr. Kirk 

 and Mr. C. Livingstone were so much reduced by illness 

 that it was deemed necessary for them to return to 

 England. Livingstone himself had a most serious attack 

 of fever, which lasted all the month of May, Dr. Kirk 

 remaining with him till he got over it. When his 

 brother and Dr. Kirk left, the only Europeans remaining 

 with him were Mr. Kae, the ship's engineer, and Mr. 

 Edward D. Young, formerly of the " Gorgon," who had 

 volunteered to join the Expedition, and whose after 

 services, both in the search for Livingstone and in estab- 



