1862-63.] LAST TWO YEARS OF THE EXPEDITLON. 323 



and calico is as much currency here as money is in 

 Glasgow. It looks as if they wished to prohibit any one 

 else coming, and, unfortunately, Bishop Tozer, a good 

 man enough, lacks courage. . . . What a mission it 

 would be if there were no difficulties — nothing but 

 walking about in slippers made by admiring young ladies ! 

 Hey ! that would not suit me. It would give me the 

 doldrums ; but there are many tastes in the world." 



Looking back on the work of the last six years, while 

 deeply grieved that the great object of the Expedition 

 had not been achieved, Dr. Livingstone was able to point 

 to some important results : — 



1. The discovery of the Kongone harbour, and the 

 ascertaining of the condition of the Zambesi river, and 

 its fitness for navigation. 



2. The ascertaining of the capacity of the soil. It 

 was found to be admirably adapted for indigo and cotton, 

 as well as tobacco, castor-oil, and sugar. Its great fer- 

 tility was shown by its gigantic grasses, and abundant 

 crops of corn and maize. The highlands were free from 

 tsetse and mosquitos. The drawback to all this was 

 the occurrence of periodical droughts, once every few 

 years. 



3. But every fine feature of the country was bathed 

 in gloom by the slave-trade. The image left in Dr. 

 Livingstone's mind was not that of the rich, sunny, 

 luxuriant country, but that of the woe and wretched- 

 ness of the people. The real service of the Expedition 

 was, that it had exposed slavery at its fountain-head, 

 and in all its phases. First, there was the internal 

 slave-trade between hostile native tribes. Then, there 

 were the slave-traders from the coast, Arabs, or half- 

 caste Portuguese, for whom natives were encouraged to 

 collect slaves by all the horrible means of marauding 

 and murder. And further, there were the parties sent 

 out from Portuguese and Arab coast towns, with cloth 



