xxiii.] POSTHUMOUS INFLUENCE. 467 



international enterprise resulting from the Brussels Con- 

 ference ; the French researches of Lieutenant de Semelle 

 and of de Brazza ; the various German expeditions of Dr. 

 Lenz, Dr. Pogge, Dr. Fischer, and Herr Denhardts; and 

 the Portuguese exploration on the west, from Benguela 

 to the head waters of the Zambesi. Africa does not want 

 for explorers, and generally they are men bent on advanc- 

 ing legitimate commerce and the improvement of the 

 people. It would be a comfort if we could think of all 

 as having this for their object ; but tares, we fear, will 

 always be mingled with the good seed ; and if there 

 have been travellers who have led immoral lives and 

 sought their own amusement only, and traders who by 

 trafficking in rum and such things have demoralised the 

 natives, they have only shown that in some natures 

 selfishness is too deeply imbedded to be affected by the 

 noblest examples. 



Livingstone himself travelled twenty-nine thousand 

 miles in Africa, and added to the known part of the 

 globe about a million square miles. He discovered Lakes 

 'Ngami, Shirwa, Nyassa, Moero, and Bangweolo ; the 

 upper Zambesi, and many other rivers ; made known the 

 wonderful Victoria Falls ; also the high ridges flanking 

 the depressed basin of the central plateau ; he was the 

 first European to traverse the whole length of Lake 

 Tanganyika, and to give it its true orientation ; he traversed 

 in much pain and sorrow the vast watershed near Lake 

 Bangweolo, and, through no fault of his own, just missed 

 the information that would have set at rest all his sur- 

 mises about the sources of the Nile. His discoveries were 

 never mere happy guesses or vague descriptions from the 

 accounts of natives ; each spot was determined with the 

 utmost precision, though at the time his head might be 

 giddy from fever or his body tormented with pain. He 

 strove after an accurate notion of the form and structure 

 of the continent ; investigated its geology, hydrography, 



