PORTUGUESE POLICY. 165 



society, and in so insignificant a suburb of civilization, Dr. 

 Livingstone's condition excited wonder and pity. Wasted by 

 sickness and staggering with fatigue, sun-scorched and ragged, 

 whoever had dreamed of the habits and comforts of white men 

 in their own light-favored and love-cheered lands would natur- 

 ally wonder, and pity him and honor him. Cypriano was an 

 officer in the Portuguese militia, and was in command of the 

 little post on the border. He received his guest with great 

 cordiality, and treated him with most careful respect and kindness 

 during the few days of his sojourn with him. He was possibly 

 a very favorable specimen of the half-caste population which 

 composes so important a portion of Angola society. These 

 people furnish the large proportion of traders who penetrate the 

 " regions beyond." They retain, of course, many of the features 

 of the tribe from which they are partly sprung ; the dark shade 

 and the unquestionable wool are marks which decide their negro 

 origin. Their Portuguese fathers, however, secured them the 

 advantage of education, and what advantage may be in the 

 name of Catholic. 



The Portuguese policy at Loanda has been very unlike the 

 English on the Cape, and in some respects much wiser and 

 gentler. The English have encouraged an overbearing spirit 

 jn their subjects. The Portuguese have recognized the proba- 

 bility that the white trader will be tempted to oppress the 

 natives, and refuse to punish the community or tribe where 

 one of these traders is killed. This naturally makes the whites 

 cautious, and while it has not been enough to confine them at 

 Loanda, has led to the employment of natives and half-castes 

 for trading with remoter tribes. 



Dr. Livingstone reached Cassange, the most eastern station of 

 the Portuguese, on the 12th. He was received at the house of 

 Captain Nevis, who not only entertained him very kindly and 

 generously but provided also for his followers. There was a 

 feature of this settlement which impressed Dr. Livingstone that 

 these Portuguese can never be successful colonists. That fea- 

 ture was the entire absence of European women. The gentle- 

 men come with no idea of remaining any longer than may be 

 necessary for the accumulation of some money. They generally 

 have taken native women into the temporary dignity of wives, 



