470 COLD WEATHER. 



rests on the shoulders, giving them the appearance of the ancient 

 Egyptians. One side is often cultivated, and the mass hangs 

 jauntily on that side ; some few have a solid cap of it. Not 

 many women wear the lip-ring: the example of the Waiyau has 

 prevailed so far ; but some of the young women have raised 

 lines crossing each other on the arms, which must have cost 

 great pain : they have also small cuts, covering in some cases 

 the whole body. 



October 11th was a cold morning: thermometer 59° in hut; 

 doctor stated 69°. The huts were well built, top plastered ; not 

 a ray of light is admitted, and the only way for it to get in is 

 through the door. This shows the winter is cold. They made 

 a westerly march to a village of Kulu, who entertained them 

 liberally ; the chief gave them a goat and started with them 

 when they left, but after going about two miles slipped off and 

 ran away. Some are naturally mean, some are noble : the mean 

 cannot help showing their nature, nor can the noble. Living- 

 stone says he always requested a head man of a village to go 

 with him, because they gave a good report of them, and no one 

 wishes to countenance people other than respectable, and it costs 

 little. He speaks here of coming to mountains having perpen- 

 dicular sides ; these have villages at the bottom as storehouses 

 for grain, with large granaries on the top containing food in 

 case of war. A large cow is kept there, which is supposed to 

 be capable of knowing and letting the owners know when war 

 is coming. | 



Livingstone speaks of a village on the western side of a moun- 

 tain called Phunze (the h being an aspirate only). Many vil- 

 lages are planted round its base, but in front, that is, westwards, 

 they have plains, and there the villages are as numerous: mostly 

 they are within half a mile of each other, and few are a mile 

 from other hamlets. Each village has a clump of trees around 

 it . this is partly for shade and partly for privacy from motives 

 of decency. The heat of the sun causes the effluvia to exhale 

 quickly, so they are seldom offensive. The rest of the country, 

 where not cultivated, is covered with grass, the seed-stalks about 

 knee-deep. It is gently undulating, lying in low waves, stretch- 

 ing northeast and southwest. The space between each wave is 

 usually occupied by a boggy spot or watercourse, which in some 



