THE GENERAL CONDITION. 783 



little over four feet. The soft tissues seem to have been removed 

 to a great extent from the bones, and these latter were so dis- 

 posed that by doubling and otherwise the shortening was accom- 

 plished. The abdominal viscera were absent, and so were those 

 of the chest, including, of course, heart and lungs. There had 

 been made a large opening in front of the abdomen, and through 

 that the native operators had ingeniously contrived to remove 

 the contents of the chest as well as of the abdomen. The skin 

 over chest, sternum, and ribs had been untouched. Before these 

 points were clearly ascertained some coarse tapes had to be 

 loosened, which set free some rough linen material — a striped 

 colored bit of cotton cloth, such as might have been an attractive 

 material for the natives among whom Livingstone travelled — a 

 coarse cotton shirt, which doubtless belonged to the traveller's 

 scanty wardrobe, and in particular a large portion of the bark 

 of a tree, which had formed the principal part of the package — 

 the case thereof no doubt. The skin of the trunk, from the 

 pelvis to the crown of the head, had been untouched. Every- 

 where was that shrivelling which might have been expected 

 after salting, baking in the sun, and eleven months of time. 

 The features of the face could not be recognized. The hair on 

 the scalp was plentiful, and much longer than he wore it when 

 last in England. A mustache could not be recognized, but 

 whiskers were in abundance. The forehead was in shape such 

 as we are familiar with from memory, and from the pictures and 

 busts now extant. The circumference of the cranium, from the 

 occiput to the brow, was 23| inches, which was recognized 

 by some present to be in accordance with such measurements 

 when alive. In particular the arms attracted attention. They 

 lay as if placed in ordinary fashion, each down by the side. 

 The skin and tissues under were on each side shrunk almost 

 to skeleton bulk, and at a glance to practised eyes — there were 

 five, I may say six, professional men present — the state of the 

 left arm was such as to convince every one present who had 

 examined it during life that the limb was Livingstone's. 

 Exactly in the region of the attachment of the deltoid to the 

 humerus there were the indications of an oblique fracture. On 

 moving the arm there were the indications of the ununited frac- 

 ture. A closer investigation and dissection displayed the false 



