Dissociation of Compounds in Water. 



491 



been carried far enough to justify a final statement on this 

 point. The molecular lowerings for the different compounds 

 agree fairly well with each other in many cases for the more 

 dilute solutions, and in general reach a minimum or become 

 constant at about 0*1 n. The two carbohydrates, dextrose 

 and cane-sugar, are the only two compounds thus far studied 

 which show an increase in the mol. lowering with increase 

 in concentration from about O'ln. 



Of the organic compounds which undergo electrolytic 

 dissociation two acids have been investigated, acetic and 

 succinic acids. 





CH 3 



.COOH= 60-02. 





1. 



2. 



3. 



4. 



5. 



Normal. 



Lowering. 



Gram-molec. 

 Lowering. 



i. 



Dissociation. 





o 







per cent. 



0003 



0-0062 



2-0666 



1-093 



9-3 



0-004 



0-0082 



2-0500 



1-085 



8-5 



0-006 



0-0122 



2-0333 



1-076 



7-6 



0-008 



00163 



2-0375 



1-078 



7-8 



o-oi 



0-0202 



2-0200 



1-069 



6-9 



002 



0-0402 



2-0100 



1-064 



6-4 



0-04 



0-0798 



1-9950 



1-056 



5-6 



0-06 



0-1187 



1-9783 



1-047 



4-7 



0-08 



0-1565 



1-9562 



1-035 



3-5 



0-10 



0-1927 



1-9270 



1-019 



1-9 



0-15 



0-2805 



1-8700 



0-989 







CH 2 



COOH 









CH 2 



= 11 



8-03. 







COOH 







0-003 



0-0067 



2-2333 



1-182 



18-2 



0-004 



0-0089 



2-2250 



1-177 



17-7 



0-006 



0-0133 



2-2166 



1-173 



17-3 



0-008 



0-0175 



2-1875 



1-157 



15-7 



0-01 



0-0216 



2-1600 



1-143 



14-3 



0-02 



0-0437 



2-1850 



1-156 



15-6 



0-04 



0-0871 



2-1775 



1-152 



15-2 



0-06 



0-1293 



2-1550 



1-140 



140 



0-08 



01643 



2-0537 



1-087 



8-7 



o-io 



0-2010 



2-0100 



1-063 



6-3 



0-15 



0-2864 



1-9093 



1010 



10 



Acetic Acid. — Acetic acid is only slightly dissociated ; at 

 0'002 n, being only about 11 per cent., and at O'l n] 1 per cent. 

 When the dissociation of this acid is compared with that 

 of the common inorganic acids, the difference is very striking. 

 The mol. lowering for the most concentrated solution is 



