18 LIVINGSTONE'S LAST JOURNALS. [Chai\ I. 



and fortunately we found the Makonde of this village glad 

 to engage themselves by the day either as woodcutters or 

 carriers. "We had left many things with the jemidar from 

 an idea that no carriers could be procured. I lightened 

 the camels, and had a party of woodcutters to heighten 

 and widen the path in the dense jungle into which we 

 now penetrated. Every now and then we emerged on 

 open spaces, where the Makonde have cleared gardens for 

 sorghum, maize, and cassava. The people were very much 

 more taken up with the camels and buffaloes than with me. 

 They are all independent of each other, and no paramount 

 chief exists. Their foreheads may be called compact, nar- 

 row, and rather low ; the alee nasi expanded laterally ; lips 

 full, not excessively thick ; limbs and body well formed ; 

 hands and feet small ; colour dark and light-brown ; height 

 middle size, and bearing independent. 



10th April. — We reached a village called Nam, lat. 

 10° 23' 14" S. Many of the men had touches of fever. I 

 gave medicine to eleven of them, and next morning all were 

 better. Food is abundant and cheap. Our course is nearly 

 south, and in " wadys," from which, following the trade-road, 

 we often ascend the heights, and then from the villages, 

 which are on the higher land, we descend to another on 

 the same wady. No running water is seen; the people 

 depend on wells for a supply. 



11th April. — At Tandahara we were still ascending as we 

 went south ; the soil is very fertile, with a good admixture 

 of sand in it, but no rocks are visible. Very heavy crops 

 of maize and sorghum are raised, and the cassava bushes are 

 seven feet in height." The bamboos are cleared off them, 

 spread over the space to be cultivated and burned to serve 

 as manure. Iron is very scarce, for many of the men appear 

 with wooden spears ; they find none here, but in some spots 

 where an ooze issued from the soil iron rust appeared. At 

 each of the villages_where we spent a night we presented a 



