1806.] PORTUGUESE GEOGRAPHY. 145 



north in front, eastward of Irongwe (the same mountains on 

 which Kangene skulks out of sight of Mazitu), flows into the 

 Leue, and north of that we have the Mando, a little stream 

 flowing into the Bua. The rivulets on the west flow in deep 

 defiles, and the elevation on which we travel makes it certain 

 that no water can come from the lower lands on the west. It 

 seems that'the Portuguese in travelling to Casembe did not 

 inquire of the people where the streams they crossed went, 

 for they are often wrongly put, and indicate the direction 

 only in which they appeared to be flowing at their crossing 

 places. The ^natives have a good idea generally of the 

 rivers into which the streams flow, though they are very 

 deficient in information as to the condition of the people 

 that live on theirbanks. Some of the Portuguese questions 

 must have been asked through slaves, who would show no 

 hesitation in answering. Maxinga, or Machinga, means 

 "mountains" only; once or twice it is put down Saxa de 

 Maxinga, or Machinga, or Mcanga, which translated from 

 the native tongue means " rocks of mountains, or mountains 

 of rocks." 



10th November. — We found the people on the Mando to 

 be Chawa or Ajawa, but not of the Waiyau race : they are 

 Manganja, and this is a village of smiths. We got five men 

 readily to go back and bring up our loads ; and the sound 

 of the hammer is constant, showing a great deal of industry. 

 They combine agriculture, and hunting with nets, with their 

 handicraft. 



A herd of buffaloes came near the village, and I went and 

 shot one, thus procuring a supply of meat for the whole 

 party and villagers too. The hammer which we hear from 

 dawn till sunset is a large stone, bound with the strong 

 inner bark of a tree, and loops left which form handles. 

 Two pieces of bark form the tongs, and a big stone sunk into 

 the ground the anvil. They make several hoes in a day, 

 and the metal is very good ; it is all from yellow haematite, 



VOL. I. L 



