148 LIVINGSTONE'S LAST JOUENALS. [Chap. VL 



Bua, eight yards wide and knee deep. It rises in the 

 northern hills a little beyond Kanyindnla's village, winds 

 round his mountains, and away to the east. The scenery 

 among the mountains is very lovely : they are covered with 

 a close mantle of green, with here and there red and 

 light-coloured patches, showing where grass has been burned 

 off recently and the red clay soil is exposed ; the lighter 

 portions are unburned grass or rocks. Large trees are 

 here more numerous, and give an agreeable change of 

 contour to the valleys and ridges of the hills ; the boughs 

 of many still retain a tinge of red from young leaves. 

 We came to the Bua again before reaching Kanyenje, as 

 Kanyindula's place is called. The iron trade must have 

 been carried on for an immense time in the country, for one 

 cannot go a quarter of a mile without meeting pieces of 

 slag and broken pots, calcined pipes, and fragments of the 

 furnaces, which are converted by the fire into brick. It is 

 curious that the large stone sledge-hammers now in use are 

 not called by the name stone-hammers, but by a distinct 

 word, " kama :" nyundo is one made of iron. 



When we arrived at Kanyenje, Kanyindula was out col- 

 lecting charcoal. He sent a party of men to ask if we should 

 remain next day : an old, unintellectual-looking man was 

 among the number sent, who had twenty-seven rings of 

 elephant's skin on his arm, all killed by himself by the 

 spear alone : he had given up fighting elephants since the 

 Mazitu came, whom we heard had passed away to the south- 

 east of this place, taking all the crops of last year, and 

 the chief alone has food. He gave us some, which was- 

 very acceptable, as we got none at the two villages south 

 of this. Kanyindula came himself in the evening, an active, 

 stern-looking man, but we got on very well with him. 



The people say that they were taught to smelt iron by 

 Chisumpi, which is the name of Mulungu (God), and that 

 they came from Lake Nyassa originally; if so, they are 



