90 



LIVINGSTONE'S LAST JOURNALS. [Chap. IV. 



39 



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42. 



41 



» 



44. 



do. 



JJ 



do. 



do. 



5J 



do. 



58 



JJ 



61. 



68 



3J 



72. 



53 



» 



58. 



ivory increased considerably ; and when we look at the 

 prices realized on large Zanzibar tusks at the public sales, 

 we can well understand the motive power which drove the 

 Arab ivory hunters further and further into the country 

 from which the chief supply was derived when Dr. Living- 

 stone met them. 



In 1867 their price varied from £39 to £42. 

 1868 

 1869 

 1870 

 1871 

 1872 

 1873 

 1874 



Single tusks vary in weight from 1 lb. to 165 lbs. : the 

 average of a pair of tusks may be put at 28 lbs., and there- 

 fore 44,000 elephants, large and small, must be killed 

 yearly to supply the ivory which comes to England alone, 

 and when we remember that an enormous quantity goes to 

 America, to India and China, for consumption there, and of 

 which we have no account, some faint notion may be formed 

 of the destruction that goes on amongst the herds of 

 elephants. 



Although naturalists distinguish only two living species 

 of elephants, viz. the African and the Asiatic, nevertheless 

 there is a great difference in the size, character, and colour 

 of their tusks, which may arise from variations in climate, 

 soil, and food. The largest tusks are yielded by the African 

 elephant, and find their way hither from the port of Zan- 

 zibar : they are noted for being opaque, soft or " mellow " 

 to work, and free from cracks or defects. 



The tusks from India, Ceylon, &c, are smaller in size, 

 partly of an opaque character, and partly translucent (or, 

 as it is technically called " bright "), and harder .and more 



