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CHAPTEE VIII. 



Letters arrive at last. Sore intelligence. Death of an old friend. 

 Observations on the climate. Arab caution. Dearth of missionary 

 enterprise. The slave trade and its horrors. Progressive barbarism. 

 Carping benevolence. Geology of Southern Africa. The fountain 

 sources. African elephants. A venerable piece of artillery. Living- 

 stone on Materialism. Bin Nassib. The Baganda leave at last. 

 Enlists a new follower. 



[And now the long-looked for letters came in by various 

 hands, but with little regularity. It is not here necessary to 

 refer to the withdrawal of the Livingstone Eelief Expedition 

 which took place as soon as Mr. Stanley confronted Lieu- 

 tenant Dawson on his way inland. Suffice it to say that 

 the various niembers of this Expedition, of which his second 

 son, Mr. Oswell Livingstone, was one, had already quitted 

 Africa for England when these communications reached 

 Unyanyembe.] 



21th June, 1872. — Eeceived a letter from Oswell yester- 

 day, dated Bagamoio, 14th May, which awakened thankful- 

 ness, anxiety, and deep sorrow. 



28th June. — Went over to Kwikuru yesterday to speak 

 about pagazi. Nkasiwa was off at M'futu to help in 

 the great assault on Mirambo, which is hoped to be the 

 last. But Mohamad bin Seyed promised to arrange with 

 the chief on his return. I was told that Nkasiwa has the 



