Genus Philacte, Bannister (1870 



Bill comparatively short, very square and stout, with feebly curved edges and very large 

 nail on upper mandible, which occupies nearly the whole apical third of latter. Nasal fossae 

 wide and rounded, their posterior edges approaching very near to feathering of lores in 

 adults, and confluent with the same in young birds ; nasal apertures not large, but of rounded 

 form, — their anterior edge falling somewhat short of the middle of the bill ; tarsus shorter 

 than median digit. Soft-parts light-coloured. Outer half of upper nail of bill (in younger 

 birds) or only its outer edge (full-grown) dark horn-brown colour. 1 



THE EMPEROR-GOOSE 



Philacte canagica, Sevastianov 



Plate 2 



English — Emperor-Goose ; Painted Goose ; White-headed Goose, 



Russian— Kurilski gus (Kamchatka,— Vozvesensky) ; beloshei (Kamchatka,— Krasheninni- 

 kov) ; goluboi gus (Buturlin) ; imperatorski gus (Menzbier) ; tsarski gus (Smirnov). 

 Aleut — Kamkhang. 



Eskimos — Khud-yar-lik ( = cap goose) ; makhbutiluk. 

 French — Bemache canagica (Degl. and Gerbe). 



Anas canagica, Sevastianov, Nov. Act. Ac. St.-Pet, xiii. p. 346, pi. x. (1800). 



Anas canadicus (errore), Sevastianov, in Opisanie Kamchatki, Krasheninnikov, ii. p. 473 (notes) (18 18). 



Anser pictus, Pall., Zoogr. Ross.-As., ii. p. 233, pi. 67 (181 1); Nordensk., Voy. of the Vega, ii. p. 42 (1881); 

 Smirnov, "Okhotn. Gaz.," 1900, p. 294. 



Anser canagicus, Brandt, Bull. Ac. Sc, S.-Pet, i. p. 37 (1836); id., Descr. et Icones An. Ross., i. p. 7, pi. i. 

 (1836); Buturlin, Dikie Gusi R. I. (« Psov. i Ruzh. Okh.," Feb.-Apr. 1901); id., separ., p. 10; id., 

 Tabl. Opredel. Plastinch. ("Psov. i Ruzh. Okh.," 1900) ; id., Sinopt. Tabl. Okh. Pt. R. I., p. 42 (1901); 

 Macpherson, A History of Fowling, 1897, P- 219. 



Bernicla canagica, Gray, Genera of Birds, iii. p. 607 (1 844) ; Rchnb., Syn. Av. Natat., pi. 101, figs. 414, 41 5 (1845); 

 Degl. and Gerbe, Orn. Eur., ii. p. 492 (1867). 



Chloephaga, canagica, Bonaparte, Compt.-Rend., xliii. p. 648 (1856) ; Baird, Birds of N. America, p. 76S (1858) ; 

 id., Cat. N. American Birds, No. 573 (1859); Elliot, 111. American Birds, pi. 45 (1866); Dall and 

 Bannister, Trans. Chic. Acad., i. p. 296 (1869); Dall, Notes Avif. Aleut. Isl. Unal. Eastw., p. 5 (1879); 

 Adams, Ibis, 1878, p. 429. 



Philacte canagica, Bannister, Proc. Ac. Philad., 1870, p. 131 ; Coues, Key N. American Birds, p. 283 (1872); 

 Ridgway, Man. N. American Birds (1882) ; Elliot, Mon. Seal. Isl., p. 130 (1882) ; Nelson, Cruise Corwin, 

 p. 95 (1883) ; Baird and Ridgway, Water-Birds N. America, i. p. 477 (1884) ; Coues, Key N. American 

 Birds, 2 ed., p. 689 (1884) ; Stejneger, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., x. p. 135 (1887) (Bering Isl.) ; Taczanowski, 



1 Judging by the closed bills of the skins examined by myself, the number of teeth on each side of the upper mandible does not 

 exceed 20. But the available material was inadequate. 



20 



