Red-breasted Goose 141 



Anser ruficollis, Pallas, Spicil. Zool, iv. part 6, p. 21 (1769); id., "Voyages," iv. pp. 23, 51, and 672 

 {ruficollis et pulchricollis) ; id, Zoogr. Ross.- As., ii. p. 231 {ruficollis) (18 11); Men., Cat. Rais., p. 56 

 (1832); Eversmann, Or. Kr., iii. p. 557; Kessler, Russk. Orn., p. 369; Naumann, Vog. Deutschl. 

 xi. p. 408, pi. 293 (1842); Middendorff, Reis. Sib., ii. 2, p. 229, pi. xx. fig. 3 (ovum); Severtsov, 

 Gorizont. i Vertik. Raspr. Turk. Zh., p. 70 (1873); Menzbier, Pt. Ross., i. p. 730 (1895); id., Okhotn. 

 i Prom. Pt. Ross, i Kavk., ii. p. 463, pi. 132 {juv. ?) (1902); Kholodk. i Sil., Pt. Yevr., p. 524 

 (1900); Zhitnikov, M., Orn. nabl. na Atreke (" Psov. i Ruzh. Okh.," 1900) (winter 1898 and spring 

 1899) ; Buturlin, Dikie Gusi Ross. Imp. ("Psov. i Ruzh. Okhota," 1901); id., separ., p. 6 (1901, Tula) 

 Artsybashev, Bull. Soc. Mosc., 1859, iii. p. 100; Yakovlev, Bull. Soc. Mosc, 1872, p. 356 

 Saban., Ukaz. Kn. St. Okh. Zool. Sod., pp. 455-458 (1883); Sushkin, Pt. Uf. gub., p. 6S (1897), 

 Deryugin, Trudy Imp. Spb. Obshch. Yest, xxix. pt. 2 (1898); Yablonsky, Okhota v Minus, uyezde, 

 Yenis. gub. ("Prir. i Okhota," 1891, vii. p. 58). 



Anas torquata, Gmelin, Reis. Russl., ii. p. 179, pi. 14 (1774). 



Anas pulchricollis, Georgi, Reis. Russ. R., p. 167 (1775). 



Anas ruficollis, Latham, Gen. Syn., Suppl. i. p. 297 (1790). 



Anser torquatus, Bonnaterre {nee Frisch), Encyclop. Method., i. p. 122 (1790). 



Bemicla ruficollis, Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 563; Brehm, Isis, 1830, p. 996; Gould, Birds of Europe, v. pi. 351 

 (1837); Malmgr., J. f. Orn., 1870, p. 305; Dresser, Birds of Europe, vi. p. 403, pi. 416 (1876); 

 Finsch, Verh. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien., 1879, p. 260; Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon., 1880, p. 502 ; Henke, 

 Zeitschr. Ges. Orn., 1885, p. 48, pi. iv. ; Lilford, Col. Figures Brit. Birds, pi. xxi (1892); Alpheraky, 

 "Zhurn. Okhoty," 1877, ii. pp. 79 and 80; Fritsch, Nat. Vog. Eur. (1870), p. 403, pi. 49, fig. 10; 

 Degl. and Gerbe, Orn. Eur., ii. p. 490 ; Cordeaux, Brit. Birds, Nests and Eggs, pt. 15; Zarudny, 

 Ornit. F. Or. Kr., p. 225 (1888); id., Dopoln. к Orn. F. Or. Kr., p. 107 (1897); Radde, Ornis 

 Cauc., p. 441 (1884); Bogdanov, Pt. Zver. Povolzh., p. 148 (1871); Radde and Walter/ 3rd Suppl. 

 Orn. Cauc., 1888, p. 41. 



Leucopareia ruficollis, Reichenbach, Av. Syst. N., p. ix. (1852). 



Bemicla {Rufibrenta) ruficollis, Bonaparte, Compt.-Rend., xliii. p. 648 (1856). 



Rufibrenta ruficollis, Grey, Hand-List of Birds, iii. p. 76 (1871). 



Anas {Bemicla) ruficollis, Lemetteil., Bull. Soc. Zool. France, v. p. 75 (1880) (Seine Inferieure). 



Anser {Brenthus) ruficollis, Reichenbach, Orn. Centralbl., 1882, p. 37. 



Branta ruficollis, Salvadori, Elenc. Ucc. Ital., p. 254 (1886); id., Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxvii. p. 126 (1895); 

 Oates, Man. Game B. Ind., pt. 2, p. 72. 



Ptocas ruficollis, Pearson, "Beyond Petsora," p. 8 (1899) (Lake Ukanskoe, in Russian Lapland). 



Menshaya kasarka, Lepekhin, Putesh., ii. p. 298 (1802). 



Brenta ruficollis, Ruzsky, Sistem. spis. Pt. Kaz. gub. (" Trudy Obshch. Yest. pri. Kaz. Univ.," xxv. pt. 6, 

 p. 114 (1893)). 



Adult Male 



Forehead, occiput, nape, and hind part of neck shiny black ; from occiput descends a 

 similar black streak past eyes, joining the black of the chin and throat. Between sides of 

 bill and eye a large round white patch, sharply cut off by above-mentioned black areas ; 

 on aural region a large rufous (cinnamon) somewhat square patch, bordered by a white 

 streak, which descends from posterior lower angle of rufous patch along sides of neck, 

 separating black of back of neck from rufous (cinnamon) of anterior part of neck and whole 

 of breast. Here the bright rufous colouring is limited by a narrow white transverse bar, 

 beginning on upper part of back. A black edging, more or less clearly defined, lies 

 between this white band and rufous colouring of breast, attaining its greatest breadth at 

 sides of latter near to back. 



Back, rump, tail, and upper part of belly black ; lower part of belly, sides of vent, and 

 upper and under tail-coverts pure white. Flanks white with black transverse crescentic bars, 

 due to black tips of feathers. Tail (16 feathers) flat, and rounded terminally. Wings brown- 

 black, lesser coverts with lighter edges; median and greater wing-coverts with almost 

 perfectly white edgings, forming two white slightly oblique bars across wing. Lower 

 wing-coverts shiny black ; axillaries black. All the flight-feathers brown-black. Shafts of 

 primaries white only in basal third. 



