Brent Goose 151 



p. 112 (1901) ; Buturlin, Sinopt tabl. Okh. Pt. Ross. Imp., p. 42 (1901); id., Dikie Gusi Ross. Imp., 

 p. 7 ("Psov. i Ruzh. Okh.," Feb.- Apr. 1901); id., Tabl. opredel. Plastinchatokl. (" Psov. i Ruzh. Okh.," 

 1900) ; Vavilov, Okh. v Ross., iv. (Voda), p. 43, 1873 J Sushkin, Pt. Ufimsk. g., p. 67 (1897). 



Bernicla torquata, Boie, Isis, 1822, p. 563 ; Newton, Diet, of Birds, p. 375 (1893). 



Bernicla brenta, Stephens, Gen. Zool., xii. 2, p. 46 (1824); Baird and Ridgway, Water Birds of N. America, i. 

 p. 467 (1884) ; Coues, Key N. Amer. Birds, 2 ed., p. 687, fig. p. 686 (1884) ; Shelley, Birds of Egypt, 

 p. 281 (1872); Biichner and Pleske, Beitr. Ornit. S.-P. G., No. 179 (1881); Biichner, Pt. Spb. 

 glib., p. 513 (1884); von Heuglin, J. f. Orn., 1871, p. 164 (Spitzbergen) ; id., J. f. Orn., 1872, p. 120 

 (Novaia Zemlia) ; Sabaneev, Ukazat. Kn. i St. Okh. i Zool. Soderzh., pp. 455-458 (1883) {pro parte); 

 Pleske, Vog. Kola Hlbns., p. 245 (1886); Heuglin, J. f. Orn., 1872, p. 120 (Novaia Zemlia); 

 Gillett, Ibis, 1870, p. 308 (Novaia Zemlia); Pleske, Krit. Obz. Ml. i Pt. Kolsk. pol-va, p. 347 

 (1887); Alpheraky, Kuldzka i Tian-shan, p. 67 (oz. Sairam) (1891); Smirnov, Orn. Jahrb., xii. 1901, 

 pt. 6, p. 208; Trevor-Battye, Ice-bound on Kolguev, pp. 197, 224, 226, 257, 300, 424 (1895); 

 Pearson, Beyond Petsora, 314 (absence on Novaia Zemlia) (1899); Macpherson, History of Fowling, 

 1897, p. 221. 



Bernicla glaucogaster, Brehm, Isis, 1830, p. 996 ; id., Handb. Vog. Deutschl., p. 849 (1831). 



Bernicla micropus, Brehm, Isis, 1830, p. 996. 



Bernicla platyur os, Brehm, Isis, 1830, p. 996. 



Bernicla collaris, Brehm, Isis, 1830, p. 996. 



Bernicla melanopsis, Macgillivray, Man. Br. Orn., ii. p. 1 5 1 (1842). 



Bernicla pallida, Brehm, Vogelf., p. 368 (1855). 



Bernicla brenta and glaucogaster, Bonaparte, Compt.-Rend., xliii. p. 648 (1856). 



Brenthus bernicla, Heuglin, Reise Nordpolarmeer, iii. p. 132 (1874). 



Anser {Brenthus) torquatus, Reichenow., Orn. Cerjtralbl., 1882, p. 37. 



Anser brenta glaucogaster, Seebohm, Hist. Brit. Birds, iii. p. 508 (1885). 



Branta brenta, Dubois, Faun. Belg., Ois., ii. p. 388, pi. 243 (1892); Taczanowski, F. Orn. S. Or., p. 1104 



(1893). 

 Anser brenta leucogaster {lapsus calami), Menzbier, Pt. Ross., i. p. 724 (1895). 



Adult Females and Males 



Head, neck, and breast smoky black. On sides of upper half of neck (where tufts 

 of feathers, separated by furrows,, are less strongly marked than in grey-lags or representa- 

 tives of genus Melanonyx) lies a small white patch, consisting of stripes or streaks, more or 

 less scattered. Sometimes, but comparatively rarely, these white patches almost meet on the 

 anterior surface of the neck. 1 Brown blackish-grey colouring of back interrupted by very 

 narrow greyish edgings of feathers ; rarely (perhaps in younger, although mature birds ?) 

 these greyish edgings with a rusty or coffee tint. Belly and flanks also brown-grey, with 

 greyish edgings to feathers wider than at back, these edgings posteriorly becoming wider 

 and lighter. 



Rump and tail black-brown ; latter consisting ordinarily of 16 feathers, but some- 

 times, according to Naumann, of 18 — a number which I have not seen. Tail-coverts, both 

 upper and lower, and vent pure white. Tail-coverts reaching tips of tail-feathers, so that the 

 tail, from above and below, appears white, the dark outer tail-feathers being visible only 

 laterally. 



Upper wing-coverts, as also primary coverts, grey-brown ; under wing-coverts and 

 axillaries brown blackish grey. Alulae and all flight-feathers very dark brown-black, with 

 white shafts to feathers in basal third. Secondaries considerably darker than others. Bill 

 black; iris brown-black ; eyelids black, alike on the feathered and the unfeathered part. 

 Legs, feet, and claws black, with greenish or olive tint on surface of digits and on bend of 

 heel-joint. Female, as in all geese, somewhat less in size than male, but difference slight. 



1 If we raise, at the level of these white patches, the more elongated black plumules of the back of the neck, and also anteriorly 

 (where the black plumules are not elongated), we find here also white spots more or less developed, so that a complete white ring may 

 always be traced round the neck, although composed of discrete white spots, 



