XIV 



Figs. 8, 9, 10. Spicules from basal part, magnified. 



Figure 1 1 a, b) Spicules, double spheres from the polyp-cell, magnified. 



Figs. 12, 13. Spicules from the anterior part of the body, magnified. 



Figure 14 a, b) Surface, exceedingly thorny spicules from the tentacles, magnified. 



Figs. 15, 16. Club-shaped spicules from the tentacles. magnified. 



Figure 17. Spicule from the pinnule, magnified. 



Figs. 18, 19, 20, 21. Radially spindleshaped and club-formed spicules from outer wall of oesophagus, magnified. 



Figure 22. Cruciform spicule (Vierling) from oesophagus, magnified. 



— 23. Flat, ramified spicule from do., magnified. 



— 24. An embryo (gastrula), tåken from the gastric cavity of the female, magnified: a) oral orifice: b) ectoderm. 



— 25. A more developed embryo, magnified: a) stomach, with its oral orifice; b) ectoderm. 



— 26. A larva detached from the parent animal and affixed to a stalk, magnified: a) the stalk; b) small spicules; c) ec- 



toderm; d) entoderm, 



Pl. VIII. 



Figure 1. Haimeia hyalina, attached to Saxicava arctica, magnified: a) ventricose part of the body; b) flat, diskoid basal 

 part; c) oral orifice; d) oesophagus; e) a double star; f) extremities of the riband-shaped prominences on the 

 pinnules. 



— 2. Ectodermic cells, highly magnified. 



Figs- 3 5 4> 5- Cruciform spicules (Vierling) from body of coral magnified. 



— 6, 7. Club-shaped spicules do. do. 



Figure 8. Spindleshaped spicules do. do. 



— 9. A piece of a tentacle from body of coral, magnified: a) spicules at base of pinnule; b) the riband-shaped promi- 



nences on the aboral surface of the pinnule, densely beset with nematocysts, 



— 10. A branch of Briareum Frielei, natural size: a) a knob on the branch; b) astral opening for the retracted polyp; 



c) coenenchym; d) axis. 



— 11. Transverse section of axis, natural size: a) coenenchym; b) axis. 



— 12. Oral disk and tentacles of a polyp, magnified: a) pinnule; b) oral disk; c) mouth. 



— 13. Transverse section of a branch, magnified: a) connective tissue; b) prolongation of connective tissue; c) longi- 



tudinal canal in the coenenchym; d) a longitudinal canal in the axis, with its epithel; e) calcareous rods; f) limit 



between the coenenchym and the axis. 

 Figs. 14, 15, 16. Single and double stars from surface of coenenchym, magnified. 

 Figure 17. Long thorny spindles from the inner coenenchym, magnified. 



— 18. Cruciform spicule (Vierling) from do. do. 



— 19 a, b, c, d) Double stars from the polyps, magnified. 



Figs. 20, 21. Rosettes from the pinnules of the tentacles, magnified. 

 Figure 22. A tentacle with its calcareous corpuscles, magnified. 

 Figs. 23. 24. Calcareous rods from the axis. magnified. 

 Figure 25. An assemblage of such rods, magnified. 



— 26. Longitudinal section of a knob, magnified: a) zooid with eggs. 



Pl. IX. 



Figure 1. Paragorgia nodosa, natural size: a) trunk; b) basal part; c) the branch that divides; d) terminal knob of a branch, 

 with polyp; e) the branch between the knobs. 



— 2. A retracted polyp, surrouncled by zooids, magnified: a) lower part of polyp-body; b) zooids. 



— 3. An extended polyp, magnified: a) body of polyp; b) tentacles. 



— 4. Two polyps with zooids, magnified: a) oesophagus, with septa and calcareous corpuscles; b) gastral filaments; 



c) zooids. 



5. Longitudinal section of Paragorgia arborea, magnified: a) zooids with eggs; b) a polyp without generative organs. 



6. Thorny spindle from the coenenchym of Paragorgia nodosa, magnified. 



— 7. Double star from surrounding of a zooid, magnified. 



— 8. Transverse section of axis, magnified: a) connective tissue; b) longitudinal canals; c) spicules. 



— 9. A longitudinal canal in the axis, magnified: a) epithelial cells; b) spicules. 



— 10. A thorny spindle from the axis, magnified. 



— 11. Single star from the axis, magnified. 



