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of Peace and Friendship, and to regulate thereby the commercial intercourse between their 

 respective subjects and dominions, the following Articles hâve for that purpose been mutually 

 agreed upon and signed between Thomas Conolly Pakenham, Esquire, Her Britannic 

 Majesty's Consul in Madagascar, duly authorized to that effect on the part of Her Britannic 

 Majesty, and by His Excellency Rainimaharavo, Sixteenth Honor, Chief Secretary of State ; 

 Andriantsitohaina, Sixteenth Honor ; Ravahatra, Chief Judge ; and Rafaralahibemalo, 

 Head of the Civilians, duly authorized to that effect on the part of Her Majesty the Queen 

 of Madagascar : 



Article premier. — Peace, friendship, and good understanding shall from hence- 

 forward and for ever subsist between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of 

 Great Britain and Ireland and Her Majesty the Queen of Madagascar, and between their 

 respective heirs, successors, and subjects. 



Art. IL — The subjects of Her Britannic Majesty shall hâve full liberty to enter into, 

 rent or lease houses or lands in, trade with, and pass with their merchandize through ail 

 parts of the dominions of Her Majesty the Queen of Madagascar which are under the control 

 of a Governor duly appointed by the Malagasy authorities, except Ambohimanga, Ambohi- 

 manambola, and Amparafavato ; and they shall enjoy therein ail the privilèges and advan- 

 tages with regard to commerce, or with regard to any other matter whatsoever, which are 

 now or may hereafter be granted to or allowed to be enjoyed by the subjects or citizens of 

 the most favoured nation ; and the subjects of Her Majesty the Queen of Madagascar shall, 

 in like manner, be at liberty to enter into, rent or lease houses or land in, trade with, and pass 

 with their merchandize through ail parts of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions, as freely as 

 the subjects of the most favoured nation, and they shall enjoy, in those dominions, ail the 

 privilèges and advantages with regard to commerce, or with regard to any other matter 

 whatever, which are now or may hereafter be granted to or allowed to be enjoyed by the 

 subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation. 



Art. III. — British subjects in the dominions of Her Majesty the Queen of Madagascar 

 shall be allowed freely to exercise and teach the Christian religion, and to erect and maintain 

 suitable places of worship. Such places of worship, with their lands and appartenances, 

 shall however be recognized as the property of the Queen of Madagascar, who shall permit 

 them to be applied for ever to the spécial purposes for which they shall hâve been built. 

 They shall, in the profession, exercise, and teaching of their religion, receive the protection 

 of the Queen and her officers, and shall not be persecuted or interfered with. 



Her Majesty the Queen of Madagascar, from her friendship for Her Britannic Majesty, 

 promises to grant full religious liberty to ail her subjects, and not to persécute or molest any 

 subjects or natives of Madagascar on account of their embracing or exercising the Christian 

 religion. But should any of her subjects professing Christianity be found guilty of any 

 criminal offence, the action of the law of the land shall not be interfered with. 



Art. IV. — The Queen of Madagascar engages to receive a British Agent at her capital ; 

 and Her Britannic Majesty, in like manner, engages to receive at the Mauritius, or at London, 

 an Agent of the Queen of Madagascar. 



Each Contracting Party may appoint Consuls for the protection of trade to réside in the 

 dominions of the other. 



Such Agents and Consuls shall enjoy, in the respective dominions, the same rights and 

 privilèges which are or may be there granted to Agents of the same rank of the most favoured 

 nation. 



Art. V. - — British subjects shall be permitted, as fully as the subjects or citizens of the 

 most favoured nation, in any lawful manner, to purchase, rent, or lease land, houses, ware- 

 houses, and ail other kinds of property within ail parts of the dominions of Her Majesty the 

 Queen of Madagascar wihch are under the control of a Governor duly appointed by the 



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