2 Mr. W. Sutherland on Ionization in Solutions 



2. Two new types of viscosity of electric origin, and funda- 



mental for the theory of electrolytic conduction. 



3. The theoretical equation for molecular specific con- 



ductivity. 



4. Verification of the equation by representative experi- 



mental data for typical solutions, and proof that 

 ionization is almost always complete at all concen- 

 trations. 



5. A special consideration of typical aqueous solutions. 



6. Some exceptional cases of ionization. 



7. Comparison of the equation for the coefficient of 



diffusion in non-electrolytic solutions with that for 

 molecular specific conductivity in electrolytic solutions. 



8. The dielectric capacity of atoms. 



6. The use of molecular conductivities and diffusivities for 



calculating molecular and atomic sizes. 

 10. Summary and general conclusions. 



1. The Transfer of Energy in them when carrying 

 Electric Current. 



In my previous paper I drew attention to the effect of 

 dielectric capacity in determining the electric force acting 

 upon the electric charge of an ion, but I ignored the effect of 

 electric force on the dielectric polarization accompanying the 

 charge. Although the distinction between the two effects is 

 important for electric theory, it was not carried out in such 

 a way as to make the dynamics of ionic motion complete in 

 my previous paper. The omission of the transfer of energy 

 by dielectric polarization, pointed out by Larmor, will now 

 be made good. As shown in Section 2 of the previous paper, 

 if the intensity of electric force in a conducting solution is 

 d¥j/dx, then the force on an ionic charge e in an ion of 

 dielectric capacity K 1? the dielectric capacity of the solvent 

 being K and all the ions making up the fraction t/D of the 

 whole volume of solution, is 



K x * 1 - (1 — K /Ki)*/D ' dx • • ■ • • W' 



But the total force doing work on the ion must be ed^E/cLr, 

 the difference between which and (1) gives the force acting 

 on the polarization in the ion and around it. Thus in the 

 complete electric force acting on the whole ion dielectric 

 capacity does not appear, but it does enter into the complete 

 expression for the resistances encountered by the ion, as will 

 be shown in the next section. 



