and Two New Types of Viscosity, 25 



instant ionization is complete. From this point o£ view 

 I looked at the matter in my paper on globulin (loc. cit.). 

 Converting my discussion o£ Hardy's data to the units used 

 in the present paper, we have for solutions of HOI globulin : 



X=384-6/{l + 346(vin)*} = 384-6-133000(v 1 n)*-«ppTox. (25) 



This is of the same form as (24), but the term in (v^i)* has 

 now a much larger coefficient than we have yet encountered. 

 I shall now seek to trace the hindrance to the motion of li 

 and CI ions indicated by this large coefficient to the direct 

 action of the new type of viscosity ?. Let us suppose that 

 the globulin when dissolved by HC1 is completely ionized, 

 each molecule of it yielding two large ions. For simplicity 

 we shall assume that these are equal in size, and that their 

 numbers per c.c. are the same as those of the H and CI 

 ions. If the two sets of ions are uniformly distributed, we 

 must assume that along any path we encounter at equal 

 intervals the following : — The H ion, then the negative 

 globulin ion, then the CI ion, and then the globulin positive 

 ion ; and then this order repeated again. The globulin ions 

 move so slowly that they contribute a part to the conduc- 

 tivity at infinite dilution which can be found only by specially 

 designed experiments. At infinite dilution the conductivity 

 is almost that of pure HOI solution. But as regards the 

 viscosity f, the globulin ions have an important influence. 

 On account of their large size and their small ionic con- 

 ductivity, their time of relaxation will be large ; and as 

 their temporary rigidity is equal to that of the H and CI 

 ions, their viscosity £ will be larger than that of the pure 

 H and CI ions. Now the slowness of relaxation of the 

 globulin ions will involve that of the adjacent H and CI 

 ions in a corresponding slowness, just as the mixing of 

 equal amounts of a liquid of high viscosity and one of low 

 produces a medium still of high average viscosity. Thus 

 the H and CI ions are clogged by the presence of the 

 globulin ions almost as much as if they were imbedded in them 

 in the manner imagined in my paper on globulin. So the 

 large coefficient of (yin)* in (25) arises from the large vis- 

 cosity £ due to the globulin ions. I have shown that 

 probably the globulin ion of Hardy's experiments had v = 2; 

 so that if the globulin ion had an ordinary A of about 60, 

 the coefficient of (^n) 5 ^ would be of the order 1600 for 

 ZnS0 4 . But the value of the coefficient is inversely as A^: 

 hence for globulin, from (25), we have A of the order 

 (1600/60) x (60/346), or about 5. Hardy estimated it as 10 



