and Two New Types of Viscosity. 31 



in simultaneous operation. If we turn to the experimental 

 data for the ions of the fatty acids, we find evidence of a 

 mutual influence between the ordinary viscous resistance- and 

 the induced. In the case of a compound radical the ionic 

 charge is probably lodged in one atom and produces its 

 most important inductive effects in the other atoms of the 

 ion, so that these effects are carried with the ion. Only a 

 residual inductive electrical effect reaches the solvent, so that 

 the induced viscosity of coefficient may be expected to be 

 smaller than for a single atomic ion of the same volume as 

 the ionic radical. Moreover, the induced viscosity will 

 interfere less with the ordinary in such a case and at all 

 events as B becomes large for a compound radical ion, the 

 induced viscous resistance becomes small compared with the 

 ordinary. From the data in the next table we can find the 

 constants in (33), so that for the fatty acid ions 



1 0-0365 0-0097 ■ 



+ ,, ... ~ m i, > • • ( 34 ) 



B^A B* (1 + 10-5/B*) 



whence the calculated values of A in the table are obtained. 



HCOO. CH 3 COO. CH.COO. C 3 H 7 COO. C 4 H 9 COO. 5 H U COO. 



B 24-5 42 "59-5 77 945 112 



A exp. ...47-2 35-4 31 "8 28"3 26"5 25"3 



A calc. ...39-9 354 31-5 284 26"8 254 



Except for the formic ion the agreement is very close. 

 Here again we have obtained 1/A as the sum of two resist- 

 ances, neither of which is proportional simply to B% although 

 their sum is so proportional, as the following products AqB^ 

 show:— 137, 123, 124, 120, 120, and 122. It is to be 

 noticed that for these compound ions the induced viscosity 

 term is identical with that for the atomic ions, although I had 

 expected it to be less because of the inductive effect being 

 mostly operative inside the compound ion. But, on the 

 other hand, the term from ordinary viscous resistance has 

 a coefficient which is 4*41 times as large as that for the 

 atomic ion. Here we have the effect of ordinary viscous 

 resistance apparently much less interfered with than in the 

 case of the atomic ions. The outcome of this inquiry then 

 is to show that, when the induced viscous resistance and the 

 slipping associated with ordinary viscous resistance are taken 

 into account, they yield a sum which varies as B% as though 

 it were derived from a single ordinary viscosity free from 

 the complication of slipping. Moreover, the case of atomic 

 ions and that of compound ions can be united in the one 



