THE FLEA-BEETLES. 127 



and in chinks of walls. They lay their eggs in the spring, 

 upon the leaves of the plants upon which they feed. The 

 larvae, or young, of the smaller kinds burrow into the leaves, 

 and eat the soft pulpy substance under the skin, forming 

 therein little winding passages, in which they finally com- 

 plete their transformations. Hence the plants suffer as much 

 from the depredations of the larvae, as from those of the 

 beetles, a fact that has too often been overlooked. The 

 larvae of the larger kinds are said to live exposed upon the 

 surface of the leaves which they devour, till they have come 

 to their growth, and to go into the ground, where they 

 are changed to pupae, and soon afterwards to beetles. The 

 mining larvae, the only kinds which are known to me from 

 personal examination, are little slender grubs, tapering to- 

 wards each end, and provided with six legs. They arrive 

 at maturity, turn to pupae, and then to beetles in a few 

 weeks. Hence there is a constant succession of these in- 

 sects, in their various states, throughout the summer. The 

 history of the greater part of our Halticas or flea-beetles is 

 still unknown ; I shall, therefore, only add, to the foregoing 

 general remarks, descriptions of two or three common spe- 

 cies, and suggest such remedies as seem to be useful in 

 protecting plants from their ravages. 



The most destructive species in this vicinity is that which 

 attacks the cucumber plant as soon as the latter appears 

 above the ground, eating the seed-leaves, and thereby de- 

 stroying the plant immediately. Supposing this to be an 

 unclescribed insect, I formerly named it Haltica 

 Cuc umeris, the cucumber flea-beetle (Fig. 56) ; 

 but Mr. Say subsequently informed me that it was v\// 

 the pubescens of Illiger, so named because it is very /}jBjK 

 slightly pubescent or downy. Count Dejean, who fmM[ 

 gave to it the specific name of fuscula, considered 

 it as distinct from the pubescens ; and it differs from the 

 descriptions of the latter in the color of its thighs, and in 

 never having the tips and shoulders of the wing-covers vol- 



