﻿172 
  

  

  Mr. 
  W. 
  Sutherland 
  on 
  Ionization, 
  

  

  the 
  graph, 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  already 
  discussed. 
  As, 
  theoreti- 
  

   cally, 
  x 
  must 
  generally 
  diminish 
  with 
  increasing 
  values 
  of 
  m, 
  

   because 
  K 
  /K 
  is 
  generally 
  large 
  compared 
  to 
  1, 
  it 
  follows 
  

   from 
  the 
  existence 
  of 
  a 
  minimum 
  value 
  for 
  xi 
  that 
  i 
  must 
  have 
  

   a 
  minimum 
  value. 
  This 
  is 
  important, 
  because 
  a 
  formula 
  like 
  

   Ostwald's 
  for 
  weak 
  acids 
  could 
  not 
  give 
  such 
  a 
  result. 
  It 
  

   appears 
  that 
  even 
  when 
  we 
  can 
  measure 
  i, 
  and 
  especially 
  

   1 
  — 
  i, 
  with 
  the 
  requisite 
  accuracy, 
  we 
  shall 
  not 
  be 
  able 
  to 
  use 
  

   Ostwald's 
  formula 
  for 
  binary 
  electrolytes. 
  

  

  The 
  data 
  for 
  the 
  other 
  typical 
  solutions 
  are 
  contained 
  in 
  

   Table 
  II., 
  the 
  results 
  being 
  graphed 
  in 
  the 
  figure. 
  The 
  con- 
  

   ductivities 
  are 
  Kohlrausch's, 
  and 
  the 
  viscosities 
  derived 
  by 
  

   interpolation 
  from 
  Sprung's 
  measurements 
  (Pogg. 
  Ann, 
  clix.) 
  

   and 
  Grotrian's 
  for 
  ZnS0 
  4 
  (ibid. 
  clx.). 
  The 
  temperature 
  is 
  

   18° 
  C, 
  at 
  which 
  the 
  equivalent 
  conductivities 
  at 
  infinite 
  dilution 
  

   in 
  cm. 
  -1 
  ohm 
  -1 
  are 
  : 
  — 
  

  

  £BaCl,. 
  iCaCl,. 
  i(NH 
  A 
  ) 
  2 
  S0 
  4 
  . 
  £ZnSO 
  t 
  . 
  

  

  123-2 
  118-9 
  133-9 
  117-2 
  

  

  

  

  

  Table 
  II. 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  

  £BaCl 
  2 
  . 
  

  

  

  

  

  

  m 
  

  

  •01 
  -1 
  

   •2154 
  -464 
  

  

  1-0 
  

   10 
  

  

  

  30 
  

  

  

  *»l/3 
  

  

  1-442 
  

  

  

  *Ao 
  

  

  •868 
  

  

  •743 
  

  

  •567 
  

  

  

  •420 
  

  

  

  ndn 
  

  

  •999 
  

  

  •989 
  

  

  •895 
  

  

  

  •698 
  

  

  xi= 
  

  

  = 
  \r}/X 
  oVo 
  .. 
  

  

  •869 
  

  

  •751 
  

  

  •634 
  

  

  

  •602 
  

  

  xi 
  calc 
  

  

  •859 
  

  

  •751 
  

  

  •630 
  

  

  

  •607 
  

  

  

  

  

  iCadl 
  2 
  . 
  

  

  

  

  

  in 
  ... 
  

  

  -5 
  

  

  1 
  

   L-0 
  

  

  2 
  3 
  4 
  

   1-26 
  1-442 
  1-587 
  

  

  5 
  6 
  

   1-71 
  1-82 
  

  

  7 
  

   1-91 
  

  

  8 
  9 
  

  

  ail/8. 
  

  

  -794 
  

  

  20 
  208 
  

  

  XA 
  • 
  

  

  -622 
  

  

  •566 
  

  

  •484 
  -414 
  -356 
  

  

  •298 
  -245 
  

  

  •197 
  

  

  •153 
  -116 
  

  

  VoV 
  ■ 
  

  

  -927 
  

  

  •863 
  

  

  •741 
  -649 
  -537 
  

  

  •437 
  '353 
  

  

  •285 
  

  

  •214 
  -150 
  

  

  xi=\r)/\ 
  

  

  7,,-.. 
  '671 
  

  

  •656 
  

  

  •653 
  -638 
  -662 
  

  

  i(NH 
  4 
  ) 
  2 
  S0 
  4 
  . 
  

  

  •082 
  -693 
  

  

  •691 
  

  

  •716 
  -776 
  

  

  m 
  ... 
  

  

  ... 
  *5 
  

  

  1 
  

  

  2 
  3 
  

  

  4 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  6 
  

  

  x/x 
  

  

  ... 
  '557 
  

  

  •511 
  

  

  •449 
  -406 
  

  

  •368 
  

  

  •331 
  

  

  •295 
  

  

  *lo/v 
  

  

  ... 
  -946 
  

  

  •902 
  

  

  •813 
  -731 
  

  

  •647 
  

  

  •568 
  

  

  •487 
  : 
  

  

  xi 
  ... 
  

  

  ... 
  -589 
  

  

  •566 
  

  

  •552 
  -556 
  

  

  JZnS6 
  4 
  : 
  

  

  •569 
  

  

  •583 
  

  

  •607 
  

  

  m 
  .. 
  

  

  -00001 
  

  

  •01 
  -1 
  

  

  1 
  -- 
  3 
  

  

  5 
  

  

  wl/3 
  

  

  -02154 
  

  

  •2154 
  -464 
  

  

  1 
  1-442 
  

  

  1*71 
  

  

  \Ao 
  

  

  -962 
  

  

  

  •621 
  -391 
  

  

  •226 
  

  

  •132 
  

  

  •0742 
  

  

  Voln 
  

  

  10 
  

  

  

  •997 
  -968 
  

  

  •724 
  

  

  •357 
  

  

  •168 
  [ 
  

  

  xi 
  .. 
  

  

  -962 
  

  

  

  •623 
  -404 
  

  

  •312 
  

  

  •370 
  

  

  •443 
  

  

  xi 
  calc. 
  

  

  909 
  

  

  

  •565 
  -402 
  

  

  •308 
  

  

  •347 
  

  

  •440 
  

  

  