﻿346 
  Mr. 
  J. 
  A. 
  Wanklyn 
  on 
  the 
  Physical 
  

  

  the 
  contrary. 
  This 
  argument, 
  however, 
  will 
  not 
  appear 
  con- 
  

   clusive, 
  if 
  we 
  remember 
  that 
  a 
  like 
  proposition 
  is 
  true 
  for 
  the 
  

   energy 
  of 
  a 
  gas 
  confined 
  adiabatically 
  under 
  a 
  piston. 
  The 
  

   residual 
  energy 
  of 
  the 
  molecules 
  may 
  be 
  made 
  as 
  small 
  as 
  we 
  

   please, 
  but 
  the 
  completion 
  of 
  the 
  cycle 
  by 
  pushing 
  the 
  piston 
  

   back 
  will 
  restore 
  the 
  molecular 
  energy 
  unless 
  we 
  can 
  first 
  

   abolish 
  the 
  infinitesimal 
  residue 
  remaining 
  after 
  expansion, 
  

   and 
  this 
  can 
  only 
  be 
  done 
  with 
  the 
  aid 
  of 
  a 
  body 
  at 
  the 
  absolute 
  

   zero 
  of 
  temperature. 
  It 
  would 
  appear 
  that 
  we 
  may 
  find 
  an 
  

   analogue 
  for 
  temperature, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  the 
  vibrations 
  of 
  one 
  

   system 
  are 
  concerned 
  ; 
  but, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  I 
  can 
  see, 
  the 
  analogy 
  

   breaks 
  down 
  when 
  we 
  attempt 
  a 
  general 
  theory. 
  

  

  XXXV. 
  On 
  tlie 
  Physical 
  Peculiarities 
  of 
  Solutions 
  of 
  Gases 
  

   in 
  Liquids. 
  By 
  J. 
  Alfred 
  Wanklyn, 
  Corresponding 
  

   Member 
  of 
  the 
  Royal 
  Bavarian 
  Academy 
  of 
  Sciences*. 
  

  

  THOSE 
  who 
  are 
  acquainted 
  with 
  Bunsen's 
  methods 
  of 
  

   manipulating 
  gases, 
  and 
  especially 
  those 
  chemists 
  who 
  

   have 
  enjoyed 
  the 
  privilege 
  of 
  Bunsen's 
  personal 
  instruction, 
  

   will 
  be 
  familiar 
  with 
  Bunsen's 
  zealous 
  care 
  in 
  so 
  using 
  his 
  

   " 
  Absorptiometer 
  " 
  that 
  every 
  drop 
  of 
  the 
  liquid 
  solvent 
  

   should 
  come 
  into 
  repeated 
  contact 
  with 
  the 
  gas 
  to 
  be 
  dissolved. 
  

  

  Bunsen's 
  arrangements 
  presuppose 
  that 
  only 
  those 
  particles 
  

   of 
  the 
  solvent 
  brought 
  into 
  actual 
  contact 
  with 
  the 
  gas 
  be- 
  

   come 
  charged 
  with 
  the 
  gas, 
  and 
  that 
  actual 
  passage 
  of 
  the 
  gas 
  

   from 
  one 
  stratum 
  of 
  liquid 
  to 
  an 
  adjacent 
  stratum 
  either 
  does 
  

   not 
  take 
  place 
  at 
  all, 
  or 
  is 
  exceedingly 
  slow. 
  

  

  The 
  question 
  may 
  be 
  fairly 
  asked 
  : 
  — 
  Given 
  a 
  quantity 
  of 
  

   gas 
  in 
  contact 
  with 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  pure 
  water 
  in 
  a 
  state 
  of 
  

   absolute 
  quiescence, 
  will 
  that 
  gas 
  penetrate 
  below 
  the 
  surface 
  

   of 
  the 
  water 
  except 
  with 
  a 
  degree 
  of 
  slowness 
  calling 
  to 
  

   mind 
  the 
  slow 
  passage 
  of 
  the 
  less 
  diffusive 
  salts 
  which 
  do 
  not 
  

   traverse 
  a 
  space 
  of 
  100 
  millimetres 
  in 
  a 
  fortnight 
  ? 
  An 
  

   experiment 
  on 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  carbonic 
  acid 
  has 
  been 
  made 
  in 
  

   my 
  laboratory, 
  which 
  I 
  will 
  now 
  describe. 
  

  

  First 
  of 
  all 
  there 
  was 
  the 
  very 
  simple 
  observation 
  that 
  

   carbonic 
  acid, 
  confined 
  in 
  a 
  tube 
  over 
  mercury, 
  is 
  capable 
  of 
  

   being 
  absorbed 
  by 
  distilled 
  water 
  kept 
  at 
  rest, 
  that 
  is 
  to 
  say, 
  

   without 
  being 
  subjected 
  to 
  the 
  shaking 
  up 
  which 
  is 
  usually 
  

   resorted 
  to 
  in 
  order 
  to 
  bring 
  about 
  such 
  absorptions. 
  The 
  

   rate 
  of 
  absorption 
  was 
  also 
  noted, 
  and 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  about 
  one 
  

  

  * 
  Communicated 
  by 
  the 
  Aulhor. 
  

  

  