﻿Relations 
  between 
  JEther, 
  Matter, 
  and 
  Electricity. 
  379 
  

  

  Another 
  attempt 
  to 
  accomplish 
  the 
  same 
  thing 
  was 
  made 
  by 
  

   placing 
  an 
  electric 
  charge 
  on 
  an 
  insulated 
  brass 
  shield 
  sur- 
  

   rounding 
  the 
  wheel. 
  Professor 
  Rowland's 
  Berlin 
  convection 
  

   experiment 
  proves 
  that 
  a 
  moving 
  charge 
  is 
  accompanied 
  by 
  

   the 
  aether, 
  thus 
  producing 
  the 
  magnetic 
  phenomena. 
  Con- 
  

   versely, 
  a 
  charge 
  held 
  at 
  rest 
  should 
  hold 
  the 
  surrounding 
  

   sether 
  at 
  rest. 
  The 
  shield, 
  with 
  the 
  wire 
  on 
  the 
  wheel, 
  formed 
  

   a 
  thin 
  cylindrical 
  condenser 
  whose 
  dimensions 
  were 
  

  

  Z=4*3 
  cms. 
  = 
  length. 
  

  

  6 
  = 
  8*0 
  cms. 
  = 
  radius 
  of 
  shield. 
  

  

  <2=7'3 
  cms. 
  = 
  radius 
  of 
  wheel. 
  

  

  d 
  = 
  0'7 
  cm. 
  = 
  b 
  — 
  a 
  = 
  distance 
  between 
  plates. 
  

  

  S 
  = 
  197 
  sq. 
  cms.=area 
  of 
  wheel. 
  

  

  Thus 
  the 
  capacity 
  was 
  

  

  0=7 
  ,, 
  l 
  7/ 
  =23-4 
  or 
  C= 
  7 
  ^ 
  = 
  2 
  ! 
  2 
  ; 
  4o.6.s. 
  

   2 
  logo/a 
  4:7Td 
  

  

  The 
  potential 
  V 
  was 
  5000 
  volts 
  or 
  16 
  c.G.s. 
  units, 
  giving 
  for 
  

   the 
  surface-density 
  

  

  cv 
  

  

  p= 
  -s— 
  = 
  1'9 
  c.G.s. 
  units. 
  

  

  In 
  making 
  these 
  readings, 
  one 
  point 
  of 
  the 
  galvanometer 
  

   circuit 
  was 
  connected 
  to 
  earth 
  while 
  the 
  galvanometer' 
  frame, 
  

   magnetic 
  shield, 
  frame 
  of 
  wheel, 
  and 
  one 
  pole 
  of 
  the 
  electric 
  

   machine 
  were 
  also 
  earthed. 
  The 
  other 
  pole 
  of 
  the 
  electric 
  

   machine 
  was 
  connected 
  to 
  the 
  shield. 
  A 
  battery 
  of 
  six 
  one- 
  

   gallon 
  leyden-jars 
  was 
  used 
  to 
  prevent 
  rapid 
  changes 
  in 
  

   potential. 
  The 
  wheel 
  was 
  wound 
  with 
  8000 
  cms. 
  of 
  No. 
  33 
  

   copper 
  wire, 
  single 
  silk-covered, 
  giving 
  a 
  resistance 
  of 
  70 
  

   ohms. 
  Owing 
  to 
  some 
  difficulty 
  which 
  it 
  was 
  found 
  im- 
  

   possible 
  to 
  locate 
  or 
  eliminate, 
  the 
  silver 
  brushes 
  were 
  removed 
  

   and 
  the 
  silver 
  tips 
  in 
  the 
  shaft 
  were 
  replaced 
  by 
  fine 
  copper 
  

   wires 
  passing 
  out 
  along 
  the 
  line 
  of 
  the 
  shaft 
  and 
  entering 
  

   small 
  horizontal 
  glass 
  tubes 
  filled 
  with 
  mercury. 
  The 
  gal- 
  

   vanometer 
  terminals 
  entered 
  the 
  other 
  end- 
  of 
  the 
  tubes. 
  

   After 
  several 
  hours 
  of 
  running 
  the 
  wheel, 
  the 
  large 
  unsteady 
  

   deflexions 
  almost 
  entirely 
  disappeared. 
  ... 
  . 
  ) 
  

  

  There 
  was 
  an 
  air-gap 
  in 
  the 
  shield 
  which 
  prevented 
  the 
  

   electricity 
  from 
  flowing 
  around 
  on 
  the 
  shield 
  when. 
  the 
  wheel 
  

   was 
  running. 
  If 
  now 
  the 
  stationary 
  charge 
  on 
  the 
  shield 
  

   holds 
  stationary 
  the 
  induced 
  charge 
  on 
  the 
  wheel, 
  and 
  if 
  the 
  

   charge 
  holds 
  the 
  aether, 
  then 
  the 
  wire 
  must 
  move, 
  with 
  

   reference 
  to 
  the 
  sether 
  in 
  its 
  immediate 
  neighbourhood. 
  This 
  

  

  2 
  2 
  

  

  