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  458 
  ] 
  

  

  LI. 
  Notices 
  respecting 
  New 
  Hooks. 
  

  

  Die 
  Tiieorie 
  der 
  BeobacTitunc/sf 
  elder 
  und 
  die 
  Metliode 
  der 
  Tchin&fen 
  

   Quadrate 
  mit 
  ihrer 
  Anivendung 
  auf 
  die 
  Geoda/sie 
  und 
  die 
  Wcts- 
  

   sermessungen. 
  Von 
  Otto 
  Koll. 
  Mit 
  in 
  den 
  Text 
  gedruckten 
  

   Eiguren. 
  Zvveite 
  Auflage. 
  Berlin 
  ; 
  Julius 
  Springer, 
  1901. 
  

   Pp. 
  xii 
  4-323 
  + 
  31. 
  

   r 
  pHIS 
  is 
  in 
  every 
  way 
  an 
  admirable 
  test-book. 
  The 
  somewhat 
  

   -""■ 
  difficult 
  and 
  generally 
  neglected 
  subject 
  of 
  the 
  theory 
  of 
  observa- 
  

   tions 
  and 
  the 
  method 
  of 
  least 
  squares 
  is 
  here 
  handled 
  with 
  a 
  lucidity 
  

   of 
  exposition 
  and 
  a 
  wealth 
  of 
  illustration 
  which 
  compel 
  the 
  reader's- 
  

   attention. 
  The 
  treatment 
  is 
  a 
  thoroughly 
  practical 
  one, 
  the 
  main 
  

   purpose 
  of 
  the 
  book 
  being 
  to 
  train 
  the 
  reader 
  in 
  the 
  intelligent 
  

   application 
  of 
  the 
  theory 
  of 
  probabilities 
  to 
  the 
  results 
  of 
  measure- 
  

   ments 
  connected 
  with 
  surveying 
  operations 
  and 
  hydraulic 
  

   engineering. 
  The- 
  book 
  is 
  divided 
  into 
  two 
  parts, 
  Part 
  I. 
  dealing: 
  

   with 
  the 
  theory 
  of 
  errors 
  of 
  observation 
  ; 
  and 
  Part 
  II. 
  with 
  the 
  

   method 
  of 
  least 
  squares. 
  A 
  collection 
  of 
  the 
  various 
  working 
  

   formulae 
  forms 
  an 
  appendix 
  of 
  31 
  pages 
  to 
  the 
  book. 
  A 
  noticeable 
  

   feature 
  is 
  the 
  liberal 
  use 
  of 
  fully 
  worked 
  out 
  numerical 
  examples,, 
  

   which 
  should 
  prove 
  extremely 
  useful 
  to 
  the 
  student. 
  A 
  further 
  

   point 
  of 
  interest 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  referred 
  to, 
  is 
  that 
  the 
  working 
  

   formulae 
  have 
  been 
  thrown 
  into 
  a 
  shape 
  which 
  renders 
  them, 
  

   convenient 
  to 
  use 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  a 
  calculating 
  machine, 
  the 
  

   author 
  expressing^ 
  his 
  belief 
  that 
  tables 
  of 
  logarithms 
  will 
  be- 
  

   displaced 
  by 
  such 
  machines. 
  

  

  LII. 
  Proceedings 
  of 
  Learned 
  Societies. 
  

  

  GEOLOGICAL 
  SOCIETY. 
  

  

  [Continued 
  from 
  vol. 
  ii. 
  p. 
  660.] 
  

  

  November 
  ()th, 
  1901.— 
  J. 
  J. 
  H. 
  Teall, 
  Esq., 
  M.A.,. 
  V.P.R.S., 
  

   President, 
  in 
  the 
  Chair. 
  

   r 
  PHE 
  following 
  communications 
  were 
  read 
  r 
  — 
  

   ■*■ 
  1 
  . 
  ' 
  Note 
  on 
  a 
  Submerged 
  and 
  Glaciated 
  Kock- 
  Valley 
  recently 
  

   exposed 
  to 
  view 
  in 
  Carmarthenshire.' 
  By 
  Thomas 
  Codrington, 
  Esq., 
  

   M.Inst.C.E., 
  F.G.S. 
  

  

  This 
  valley 
  was 
  brought 
  to 
  light 
  in 
  building 
  a 
  bridge 
  across 
  the 
  

   lliver 
  Towy 
  at 
  Drysllwyn, 
  9 
  miles 
  above 
  Carmarthen 
  to 
  which 
  

   the 
  tide 
  now 
  Hows. 
  At 
  the 
  bridge, 
  the 
  valley 
  is 
  narrowed 
  to 
  about 
  

   half 
  a 
  mile. 
  Near 
  the 
  water-edge 
  the 
  rock 
  sloped 
  down 
  gradually 
  

   to 
  23 
  feet 
  below 
  summer 
  water-level, 
  and 
  was 
  glaciated 
  in 
  large 
  

   furrows 
  a 
  foot 
  or 
  more 
  across, 
  and 
  striated 
  blocks 
  of 
  grit 
  rested 
  upon 
  

   it. 
  About 
  60 
  feet 
  farther 
  out 
  into 
  the 
  river, 
  rock 
  was 
  not 
  met 
  

   with 
  till 
  depths 
  of 
  from 
  34 
  to 
  42 
  feet 
  below 
  summer 
  level 
  were 
  

   reached, 
  and 
  the 
  rock-surface 
  was 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  sloping 
  towards 
  the 
  

   south 
  at 
  an 
  angle 
  of 
  from 
  28° 
  to 
  18° 
  with 
  a 
  vertical 
  line 
  ; 
  it 
  was 
  

   followed 
  down 
  to 
  between 
  45 
  and 
  56 
  feet 
  below 
  summer 
  water- 
  

   level. 
  Scratched 
  stones 
  were 
  again 
  met 
  with 
  in 
  the 
  clay 
  near 
  the 
  

  

  