UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



BULLETIN No. 417 



Contribution from the Bureau of Entomology 

 L. O. HOWARD, Chief 



Washington, D. C. 



PROFESSIONAL PAPER 



July 25, 1917 



THE GENUS CALOSOMA: 



INCLUDING STUDIES OF SEASONAL HISTORIES, HABITS, AND 

 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF AMERICAN SPECIES NORTH 

 OF MEXICO AND OF SEVERAL INTRODUCED SPECIES. 



By A. F. Burgess, In Charge of Gipsy Moth and Brown-tail Moth Investigations, and 

 C. W. Collins, Entomological Assistant. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 



Introduction 1 



History of the genus Calosoma 3 



General seasonal history of species of the 



genus Calosoma 4 



Number of generations of Calosoma 6 



Food habits of adults and larvae of Calosoma . 6 

 Economic importance of the species of Calo- 

 soma 7 



Limits on increase of species of Calosoma 8 



Experiment to determine the climbing habits 



of Calosoma larvae 9 



Natural enemies of Calosoma 10 



Methods of shipping Calosoma beetles 13 



Methods of rearing Calosoma beetles 14 



Classification of Calosoma 16 



General remarks 20 



Calosoma externum (Say) 21 



Calosoma macrum Lee 25 



Calosoma protractum Lee 26 



Calosoma scrutator (Fab.) 26 



Calosoma wilcoxi Lee 38 



Calosoma frigidum Kirby 44 



Calosoma inquisitor (L.) 54 



Calosoma sayi Dej 62 



Calosoma sycophdnta (L.) 64 



Calosoma reticulatum (Fab.) 67 



Calosoma angulatum Che v 74 



Page. 



Calosoma perigrinator Guer 75 



Calosoma prominens Lee 78 



Calosoma parviceps Casey 79 



Calosoma lugubre Lee 79 



Calosoma palmeri Horn 86 



Calosoma triste Lee 86 



Calosoma obsoletum Say 87 



Calosoma semilaeve Lee 90 



Calosoma simplex Lee 93 



Calosoma haydeni Horn 94 



Calosoma tristoides Fall 97 



Calosoma calidum (Fab. ) 98 



Calosoma morrisonii Horn 106 



Calosoma tepidum Lee 106 



Calosoma auropunctatum (Payk.) 107 



Calosoma cancellatum Esch Ill 



Calosoma subaeneum Chaud Ill 



Calosoma moniliatum Lee 114 



Calosoma chinense Kirby 114 



Calosoma discors Lee 119 



Calosoma wilkesii Lee 120 



Calosoma luxatum Say 120 



Calosoma latipenne Horn 121 



Calosoma aurocinctu m Chaud 122 



Calosoma dietzii Schaef 122 



Calosoma maximowiczi Mor 123 



Calosoma splendid um Dej 123 



INTRODUCTION. 



In 1905 an appropriation was made by the State of Massachusetts 

 for the purpose of bringing to this country parasites and other 

 natural enemies of the gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth. During 

 the same year Congress made a small appropriation to provide foT an 

 investigation of the European parasites of these insects and the work 

 was taken up by Dr. L. O. Howard, chief of the Bureau of Entomology, 

 As a result of a cooperative arrangement made between Mr. A. 11. 

 Kirkland, then superintendent of moth work for the State of Massa- 

 chusetts, and the Bureau of Entomology, the general supervision 



54880°— Bull. 417—17 1 



