THE GENUS CALOSOMA. 



57 



LONGEVITY OF ADULTS. 



July 8, 1908, one female was received from Europe, and in the fall of 

 that year was placed in a hibernation cage in the laboratory yard. 

 There were no males to pair with this female until 1909. As soon as a 

 shipment was received a mate was given her. The female lived to 

 enter hibernation in the fall of 1910, but in the spring of 1911 no trace 

 of her could be found in the cage. The adult mentioned was a larva 

 in the summer of 1907 or earlier, and therefore lived at least three 

 years in the adult stage. This female did not reproduce. 



One pair of beetles, No. 2720, received from Europe on June 7, 1909, 

 lived until July 3, 1911, when both died. At the time they died the 

 weather was very hot, the temperature in the jars reaching 107° F. 

 several times. The female produced 79 fertile eggs in 1910, but none 

 in 1909 or 1911. These beetles must have been in their first year 

 when received in 1909, thereby living two winters and three summers 

 after reaching Massachusetts. Another female in the same shipment 

 lived until July 5, 1911, and did not reproduce during three years. 

 The original mate of this female, received at the same time, lived two 

 winters and two summers to date of entering hibernation in 1910. 

 Still another female with an interesting record was received from 

 Europe on the same date as the preceding, and lived to enter hiberna- 

 tion in the late summer of 1911. The mates of this female died each 

 summer, and although she was each time supplied with another she 

 failed to reproduce. This female died in hibernation during the winter 

 of 1911-12, having lived more than three years. 



HIBERNATION OF ADULTS. 



Close observations were made on a series of breeders in 1909, 1910, 

 and 1911 to obtain the exact dates of their entering and emerging 

 from hibernation. This varies in different years and with beetles of 

 different ages, as will be shown by Table 13. 



Table 13. — Showing date of entering and emerging from hibernation of Calosoma 

 iniquisitor during 1909, 1910, and 1911. 



No. 



Sex. 



Date 



entered, 



1909. 



Date 



emerged, 



1910. 



Depth 



of 

 cav- 

 ity, 

 1910. 



Date 



entered, 

 1910. 



Date 



emerged, 



1911. 



Depth 

 of 

 cav- 

 ity, 

 1911. 



2706 

 2720 

 2721 

 2722 

 2723 



Male 



Female . 



Male 



Female . 

 Male.... 

 Female . 



Male 



Female . 

 Male .... 

 Female . 



June 28 

 ...do.... 



June 24 

 ...do.... 



July 8 

 ...do.... 



June 20 

 ...do.... 



June 25 

 ...do.... 



May 24 



.. .do 



May 20 

 May 24 

 May 17 



...do.... 

 May 24 



...do.... 

 June 16^ 



...doe... 



Inches. 

 1 



( 3 ) 



( 3 ) 

 1 



( 3 ) 



( 3 ) 



1 



1 



6 



16 



July 7 

 ...do 



July 19 



...do 



...do.... 

 ...do.... 



July 13 

 ...do 



July 2 

 ...do.... 



C 1 ) 

 (*) 



May 15 



...do 



.,.do.... 



...do.... 



(<) 



June 5 6 



Inches. 

 C-) 



....... 



2 



1 

 1 



(a) 



May 27 



1 Died in hibernation. 



2 On surface. 



3 Unknown. 



4 Missing. 



& Dead. 



6 Alive; cages dug up before heel les emerged 



The date of entering hibernation in Table 13 is the time the beetles 

 ceased feeding and made cavities in the bottom of the breeding 

 jars. The beetles were transferred from these to hibernation cages 

 as soon as possible, and in each case they were obliged to construct 

 another cavity. One will note from the table that the beetles ceased 



