84 



BULLETIN 417, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



date of hatching to pupation. One larva closely observed in 1912 

 transformed to the different stages as follows : Eggs hatched June 1 1 ; 

 time in first stage 3 days ; in second, 8 days ; in third to date of 

 pupation, 15 days; a total of 26 days. The larva ceased feeding 

 July 3 and pupated July 7. Thus 4 days were required in making a 

 cavity and passing through the prepupaf stage. 



FOOD CONSUMED BY LARV^. 



Eggs of this species hatch so late in the season that it is sometimes 

 difficult to find food for the larvae in New England, as caterpillars 

 and pupae of Portlietria dispar are not available at that time. 



Table 22. — Food eaten by larvae of Calosoma lugubre, 1911. 



Varieties of food consumed. 



4767-j: 



4565- A. 



4565-C. 



4565-F. 



4365-G. 



4565-K. 



4565-L. 



Estigmene acraea larvae, full-grown 



■ 7 



3 

 5 

 1 



2 



2 

 4 

 4 



1 

 1 

 1 

 4 



3 



3 



2 



4 





5 

 3 

 1 

 2 



5 

 2 



12 

 2 



3 





3 





5 



7 







3 



2 



9 



19 

 3 



5 



4 



4 





1 



Total 











18 1 21 17 



16 



32 



26 



17 



The larvae hatched July 26 and August 6 and ceased feeding 

 August 25, 26, and 28 and September 1, 2, and 12. Many of the 

 larvae and pupae fed to them were small, as will be noted from Table 

 22, but the average number required to complete the growth of each 

 was 21. Three similar records secured in 1912 averaged about the 

 same, but larger caterpillars and pupae were supplied during the time. 



HABITS OF LARV.E. 



Data secured on the climbing habits of the larvae of this species in 

 the summer of 1911 gave negative results so far as they went. 



Two first-stage larvae were placed in the experiment (PI. Ill) July 

 27 and 29. Neither attempted to climb the tree voluntarily but one 

 when placed upon it crawled in and out of the crevices of the bark, 

 neither ascending nor descending more than 2 inches before falling. 

 It was again placed in the crotch of a limb and left for the night. It 

 was found buried in the earth the following morning with no evidence 

 that it had reached the food cage during the night. First-stage larvae 

 were repeatedly placed upon the tree with similar result. 



Experiments with two second-stage larvae indicated that they were 

 able to climb very little. 



August 8 a third-stage larva was placed upon the tree and in eight 

 minutes climbed upward 2| feet without stopping, then crawled 

 under the bark. No further evidence of climbing was secured with 

 third-stage larvae. The actions of the larvae in all stages were very 

 similar to those of Calosoma frigidum and 0. inquisitor and the indi- 

 cations are that they search for food on or near the ground. 



PUPA. 



Adults were reared from larvae in 1911 and 1912 and notes were 

 secured on the time spent in the pupal stage. From 2 larvae that 

 pupated September 4 and 12, 1911, 2 males issued as adults in 13 



