54 APPENDIX. [sect. 



Cape Town. In 1620, two English vessels took formal 

 possession of Saldanha Bay, and in 1G20, a Dutch surgeon, 

 Van Riebeck, settled a colony there. In 1795, a British 

 Squadron possessed itself of the colony, which was however 

 restored to Holland at the treaty of Amiens in 1802. In 

 1806, it was again wrested from the Dutch, and at the peace 

 of Paris in 1814, it was finally ceded to Great Britain. 



The slave-trade was the first incentive for exploring the 

 interior among Europeans. Claude Jannequin, a Frenchman, 

 in 1637? went up the river Senegal, a distance of 70 leagues. 



In 1788, the "African Association" was formed for the 

 express purpose of opening up central Africa. Messrs Ledyard 

 and Lucas were sent out by this useful society; in connexion 

 with which the celebrated Mungo Park sailed on two expe- 

 ditions. Under the same auspices Messrs Browne, Blumen- 

 bach, Hornemann, Nicholls, and Burckhardt, successively 

 went out with like objects of exploration. Timbuktu was 

 about this time described by Adams, Jackson, and Riley. 



Early in the next century Captain Tuckey and Major 

 Peddie, as well as an expedition sent out by the African 

 Company, made attempts at further exploration. Next fol- 

 lowed Captain Lyon and Major Laing, who published in- 

 teresting volumes of travels. In 1821 Dr Oudney, Major 

 Denham and Lieut. Clapperton were dispatched with like 

 objects by government. The efforts of Mr Bruce and of the 

 two Landers are not to be forgotten; as well as the several 

 Niger expeditions. 



With reference to the efforts especially made 



Attempts to open up central South Africa, I quote with 

 madeto explore . „ , . . . . ,, 



South Africa, great pleasure from a valuable account kindly 



contributed for this work by Dr Norton Shaw : 

 " Zeal for discovery in Africa has sent a succession of tra- 

 vellers to explore also the southern portion. The first who 

 penetrated any considerable distance into the interior was 

 Captain Hop, who in 1761 made his way into the country of 

 the Xamaquas. 



