i.] THE HISTORICAL ASPECT. 57 



South Africa, by P. Gordon Gumming, and the work by 

 the Rev. J. Fleming on Southern Africa, have since been pub- 

 lished, as well as the explorations of the unfortunate Swedish 

 naturalist, Wahlberg." 



The services of missionaries in adding to the stock of geo- 

 graphical knowledge in reference to South Africa are not to be 

 overlooked. The early Portuguese missionaries were pioneers 

 both on the western and eastern coasts. l)r Shaw has already 

 mentioned some of the Protestant missionaries. To these we 

 may add the names of Schmidt, Vanderkemp, Kitcherer, the 

 two Albrechts, &c. It is to be presumed that the Boers have 

 in some cases been like pioneers, although sometimes connected 

 with very questionable motives and proceedings. 



. Dr Livingstone stands out prominentlv from 



JJr Laving- " r 



stone's labours all these in several respects. A large portion of 



and successes the blank on the of g outh Afr j ca ; g nQW 



greater than ' 



those of any filled up by him, and greater results even may 



other single come from this present expedition. He lias used 



traveller in . 



Africa. his talents and energies with reference both to 



the wants of the civilized world, and of unci- 

 vilized Africa. No one can say but that he is right in trying 

 to link Commerce, Science and Christianity into one common 

 bond for the achievement of these sublime objects. 



Furthermore, he has steadily kept in view the great im- 

 portance of calling in the aid of exact science, and extending 

 and defining its bounds; especially in those branches of natural 

 philosophy which are the most readily applied to the practical 

 purposes of life. Men of science do thank and honour him 

 for remembering them and their work. The president and 

 Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society of London have 

 been foremost both in acknowledging their obligations, and in 

 awarding their just encomiums and rewards. The Council 

 presented him with a chronometer watch for his discovery 



pelled to retreat. The adventurous Andersson has, however, informed 

 Dr Shaw, that he intends at once to start, unaided and alone, north- 

 wards from Walwich Bay in search of the Nourse or Cunaue River. 



