ii.] GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. 71 



Tete, other fossil trees : one of these being 4 feet 8 inches in 

 diameter. The former were lying towards the river, the latter 

 in various directions. Silicified palms also exist on both sides 

 of the continent. 



Our traveller says that coal possibly exists 

 near the rocks of Pungo Andongo, in Angola, 

 since there are geological indications of its presence. 



He could find no traces of it throughout the centre of the 

 country; which he much regretted. 



On the eastern coast he positively found it, as is shewn 

 by the following quotation from the letter, dated Quili- 

 mane, East Africa, 23rd May, 1856, addressed to Sir R. I. 

 Murchison : "The disturbances effected by the eruptive rocks 

 in the grey sandstone have brought many seams of coal to the 

 surface. There are no fewer than nine of these in the country 

 adjacent to Tete, and I came upon two before reaching that 

 point. One seam in the rivulet Muatize is 58 inches in dia- 

 meter ; another is exposed in the Morongoze, which, as well 

 as the Muatize, falls into the Revubue, and that joins the 

 Zambesi from the north about two miles below Tete. The 

 Revubue is navigable for canoes during the whole year, and 

 but for a small rapid in it, near the points of junction with 

 these rivulets, canoes might be loaded at the seams them- 

 selves." 



This invaluable mineral is found and exten- 



IRON. 



sively worked in Angola, both by the natives 

 and Portuguese. The Banyeti, a people dwelling on the 

 Islands of the Leeambye, make it into rude implements. This 

 is also the case with the people of Shinte. Such an important 

 gift of nature, occurring in circumstances so advantageous, 

 argues much for the success, with God's blessing, of the means 

 used for the utilizing and evangelizing of central Africa. Near 

 to the river Moamba he found a solution of it running from 

 several bogs; and near the Funze Hills he saw some strongly 

 magnetic rounded pieces of iron ore. The iron of eastern 

 Africa is particularly excellent, and in great abundance. " In 



