102 APPENDIX. [sect. 



says that climate and geographical situation make men in time 

 brave, cowardly, bright, or stupid; Dr Livingstone says that 

 men choose, when they can, a mountainous or a flat country, 

 in accordance with their native energy and national predi- 

 lections. 



The outline of Dr Pritchard's argument is as follows : the 

 same races evidence marked differences of physical character 

 and particularity of complexion, which are successive, or by 

 gradations in accordance with climate and geographical situa- 

 tion. This he illustrates by numerous examples 1 . 



Dr Livingstone consents to all this as far as colour is 

 concerned, but not so much in other respects. He also 

 supports his argument by a reference to facts. Admitting 

 that such variations are observable as Dr Pritchard indicates, 

 he attributes these, as above stated, to race, not to outward 

 circumstances. Hear his argument: " But though it is all 

 very well, in speaking in a loose way, to ascribe the develop- 

 ment of national character to the physical features of the 

 country, I suspect that those who are accustomed to curb 

 the imagination in the severe way employed to test for 

 truth in the physical sciences would attribute more to race 

 or breed than to mere scenery. Look at the Bushmen — 

 living on the same plains, eating the same food, but often 

 in scantier measure, and subjected to the same climatorial 

 and physical influences as the Bakalahari, yet how enor- 

 mously different the results ! The Bushman has a wiry, 

 compact frame; is brave and independent; scorns to till 

 the ground or keep domestic animals. The Bakalahari is 

 spiritless and abject in demeanour and thought, delights in 

 cultivating a little corn or pumpkins, or in rearing a few 

 goats. Both races have been looking at the same scenes for 

 centuries 2 ." 



" The cause of the difference observed in tribes inhabit- 

 ing the same localities, though it spoils the poetry of the 



1 See Work, Vol. Ii. Chap. xv. § r. 2 Letter dated Tete'. 



