Chap. XXII. MODE OF ADDRESSING SLAVES. 299 



and breast deep. The country was generally covered with 

 forest, and we slept every night at some village. I was .so 

 weak, and had become so deaf from the effects of the fever, 

 that I was glad to avail myself of the company of Senhoi 

 Pascoal and the other native traders. Our rate of travelling 

 was only seven geographical miles a day, and two-thirds of 

 the month was spent in stoppages caused by sickness, and the 

 necessity of remaining in different parts to purchase food. 



One of the Pombeiros had eight good-looking women in a 

 chain, whom he was taking to the country of Matiamvo to sell 

 for ivory. They always looked ashamed when I happened 

 to come near them, and felt keenly their degraded position. 

 The terms applied to slaves must sound strangely even to the 

 ears of their owners when they first come from Europe. In 

 Angola the common appellation is " o diabo," or " brutu ; " 

 and it is quite usual to hear gentlemen call cut " diabo ! 

 bring fire." In eastern Africa, on the contrary, they apply 

 the term " bicho " (an animal), and you hear the phrase, 

 " Call the animul to do this or that." In fact, slave-owners 

 come to regard their slaves as not human, and will curse them 

 as the " race of a dog." (59) 



We crossed the Loange, a deep but narrow stream, forming 

 the boundary of Londa on the west. Thence we reached the 

 banks of the Pezo, now flooded, and could not but admire the 

 capabilities for easy irrigation afforded by it. On the 25th of 

 April we were at the river Chikapa, in lat. 10° 10' S., long. 

 19° 42' E., which we found to be here fifty or sixty yards 

 wide, and flowing E.N.E. into the Kasai. The adjacent 

 country is of the same level nature as that part of Londa 

 formerly described ; but having come further northward than 

 in our previous journey, we found that all the rivers flowed 

 in much deeper valleys than at the points we had formerly 

 crossed them. Beyond the Chikapa we crossed one of its 

 tributaries, named the Kamaue, a small deep stream pro- 

 ceeding from the S.S.W. ; and on the 30th of April we reached 

 the Loajima, where we had to form a bridge to effect our 

 passage. This was not so difficult an operation as might b*» 

 imagined ; a tree happened to be growing in a horizonta J 

 position across part of the stream, and the tough climbing 



