Chap. XXXI. SEAMS OF COAL— GOLD-FIELD. 411 



aware of nine such seams, and that five of them were on the 

 opposite bank of the river. As soon as I had recovered from 

 my fatigue I went to examine them. We proceeded in a boat 

 to the mouth of the Lofiibu, about two miles below Tele, and 

 on the opposite bank. Ascending this about four miles against 

 a strong current of beautifully clear water, we landed near a 

 small cataract, and walked about two miles through very 

 fertile gardens to the seam, which we found to be in the 

 perpendicular bank of one of the feeders of the Lofubu, called 

 Muatize. On the right bank of the Lofubu there is another 

 feeder entering that river, called the Morongozi, in which 

 there is a still larger bed of coal exposed. Further up the 

 Lofubu there are other seams in the rivulets Inyavu and 

 Makare, while in the Maravi country the coal crops out in 

 several places, having evidently been brought to the surface 

 by volcanic action at a later period than the coal formation. 

 I was also informed that there are seams in the independent 

 native territory, and indeed I have no doubt but that the 

 whole country between Zumbo and Lupata is a coal-field of 

 at least 2£° of latitude in breadth, having many faults, made 

 during the time of the igneous action. There would not be 

 much difficulty in working the coal or in bringing it to market. 

 The wages of free labourers, when employed in such work, is 

 1 braca, that is two yards of unbleached calico, per day, or 

 8 bracas per month. English or American unbleached calico 

 is the only currency used. The carriage of goods up the river 

 to Tete adds about 10 per cent, to their cost, the usual con- 

 veyance being by means of very large canoes and launches 

 built at Senna. 



The gold-field, whence Tete draws its supply of the precious 

 metal, lies outside the coal-field, extending in a segment of 

 a circle from the N.E. to the S.E. In the former direction 

 there are six well-known washing-places : proceeding to the 

 N.W. we meet with the Mushinga range: then crossing to 

 the S. of the Zambesi near Zumbo, we hear of a station, for- 

 merly worked by the Portuguese, on the river Panyame, 

 called Dambarari. Then follows the now unknown kingdom 

 of Abutua, once famous for its gold. To the S.E. of this lie 

 the gold-washings of the Mashona, and still further E. those oi 

 Manica, where gold is found much more abundantly than in 



