NOTES. 439 



undoubtedly that of the Kazembe of the Western Lualabe, the branch 

 that Livingstone afterwards called "Young's Lualaba." 



43. Page 210, /. 35. — The Baluvale who live in these plains are fish 

 catchers and curers on a large scale. They are now the predominating 

 tribe along the far Upper Zambesi. Kakenge, who has his capital at the 

 junction of the Luena with the Zambesi, is their official and ceremonial 

 head, but Kangombe, who lives further west, is their leader in war. In 

 1 89 1 I assisted in planting a mission station among them a little 

 to the north-east of Livingstone's route. Mr. Schindler, a Swiss, and 

 Dr. Fisher, of London, assisted by seven other missionaries, are at work 

 among both the Baluvale and Balunda. 



44. Page 211, /. 15. — Subsequent explorations have shown, however, 

 that the Chobe does not rise in the Lubale Plains, but in a country of 

 great sand hills south-east of Bihe ; those sand hills are very porous, and 

 rest on a layer of clay. The heavy rains are all absorbed by them 

 as if by so many great sponges, and given out to the streams, months after 

 when the water reaches the level of the clay. The Chobe and all her 

 feeders begin to rise at the end of the rainy season, and keep increasing in 

 volume as the rainy season advances. 



45. Page 211, /. 17. — The Loeti or Dunge-ungo and the Kassia rivers 

 rise in a beautiful mountainous country well wooded and well drained. 



46. Page 2ir, /. 31. — The law of "mother right" prevails so in the 

 interior, however, and is hardly known among the South African tribes ; 

 this accounts for the attachment of the Balunda to their mothers ; legally 

 the " Makalaka " boy is the property of his mother's elder brother, and 

 the village that his mother came from is his home or "hai." 



47. Page 214, /. 38. — They have also the idea that drumming frightens 

 the spirits away as birds are scared from the corn, but the noise has to be 

 kept up night and day until the proper measures have been taken to lay 

 the troubled spirits. This helps us to understand how the Africans insist 

 on coming in bands and drumming all night around the traveller's te.it ; 

 their action is prompted by the same kind thought that would lead one to 

 fan a friend asleep or to dust the flies from another on a hot summer's day. 



48. Page 215, /. 14. — A child was sacrificed as late as 18S3 by the 

 Barotse in order to sanctify some war drums with the blood sprinkled from 

 the stumps of ten little bleeding fingers newly chopped off. The body was 

 then thrown alive to the crocodiles to appease the great serpent that lies 

 along the bed of the Zambesi. Stories are told of the Balunda and Bulu- 

 vale selecting an annual victim as a sacrifice to the spirits of the chiefs 

 ancestors. In 1888 the Balunda had advanced as far as to abhor the 

 killing of the victim, but in order to satisfy the spirits, and to procure the 

 right parts of the human body for the king's medicine, a dead body was 

 dug up from some new-made grave. 



