NOTES. 441 



The natives of Angola, seeing so many strange white men and not 

 knowing their name, called them "Vafulu," meaning "they are many," 

 and to-day all Dutch, English, and Germans are called "Vafulu" to 

 distinguish them from the Portuguese. 



CHAPTER XXI. 



56. Page 280, /. 8. — To-day, however, the distilling of rum or "agitata 1 - 

 ente" as the Portuguese call it, is the chief source of income in all these 

 districts ; thousands of natives labour on the rum factories, cultivating the 

 cane, etc. ; they are brought from the interior by traders, who sell them to 

 the planters, who take them to the district magistrate and register them as 

 free labourers under a seven years' contract, which is generally renewed. 



57. Page 284, /. 14. — It is more properly, however, the line of de- 

 marcation between the provinces of Loanda and Benguella, both being in 

 the Portuguese colony of Angola. 



CHAPTER XXII. 



58. Page 289, /. 23. — Elephants too have been killed by these fiery 

 little creatures ; they have been known to run up the animal's trunk when 

 asleep, and so to irritate it that in desperation the elephant will beat his 

 trunk against a tree, causing it to swell, and the inflammation following 

 kills the animal. 



59. Page 299, /. 21. — This, however, is about the worst language the 

 Portuguese indulges in, and it is not to be compared to that of the many 

 Britishers in other parts of Africa. Nothing is more revolting than to 

 hear from the raw native an unclean English oath, probably the only words 

 he may have been able to pick up from his master, the miner, or trader. 



CHAPTER XXIII. 



60. Page 313, /. 19. — The West Coast trader is essentially a landsman ; 

 all the trading tribes are entirely at the mercy of the natives living along 

 the large rivers ; as a rule they prefer making a long detour to hiring 

 canoes. A glance at the map of this part of the African continent shows 

 that between the bend of the Kassai, flowing east then north, and the 

 bend of the Leeba, or Zambesi, flowing west then south, there lies a neck 

 of land of great value to the native traders, who carry the produce of the 

 far interior to the Loanda and Benguella markets. 



CHAPTER XXIV. 



61. Page 315, /. 11. — Shakatwala was wrong, however. The Lutembwe 

 is one river, and, rising in the plains near to the Kassai, it flows south to 

 the Zambesi. 



62. Page 327, /. 5. — This was Dr. Livingstone's last visit to the Barotse 

 Valley. The second European to penetrate these parts from the south was 



